Abstract
Plant-mediated synthesis of nanomaterials has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature. In the present study silver and chitosan nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Nerium oleander leaf extract as a bio-reducing agent. Results recorded from UV–vis spectrum, HRTEM and FTIR supported the biosynthesis and characterization of silver and chitosan nanoparticles. From HRTEM analysis, the AgNPs have spherical shape morphology with an average size of about 4-32 nm. CsNPs were ranged between 34-65 nm and the shape seem spherical with dark parts confirmed the capsulated plant extract. Larvicidal activity of leaf extract of N. oleander and synthesized silver and chitosan nanoparticles was carried out against M. domestica. CsNPs showed the utmost toxicity against M. domestica after 48h exposure with LC50 value of 0.64 ppm and LC50 values of leaf extract and AgNPs were 73.024 and 2.18 ppm respectively. A significant prolongation in the larval duration was observed in treated larvae. All the tested compounds induced reduction in the pupation rate and adult emergence and caused noticeable larval, pupal, and adult abnormalities. The potency in killing M. domestica larvae and stability of N. oleander-CsNPs have made this product a good candidate for the development of a novel natural larvicide.
Highlights
The house fly Musca domestica, is a nuisance insect and can transmit many diseases
Characterization of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles: The fresh extract of N. oleander was characterized by its green color
This study is the first report on the successful synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles using N. oleander as a reducing and capping agent
Summary
The house fly Musca domestica, is a nuisance insect and can transmit many diseases. Chemical insecticides are commonly used for the management of house fly populations. The environmental harmful impacts and the huge cost of chemical insecticides encouraged entomologists to search for an eco-friendly and cheaper alternative way (Abd El-Hamid et al, 2018). Procedures of environmentally benign nanoparticles do not use any toxic chemicals in the protocol of synthesis but use synthetic methods based on naturally occurring bio-materials which provide an alternative means for obtaining these nanoparticles. Over the environmentally benign biological processes, the use of plant extracts for the synthesis of nanoparticles could be advantageous (Subbaiya et al, 2014; Gul et al, 2016; Ga’al et al, 2018; Nalini et al, 2019 and Pilaquinga et al, 2019). Biocompatible, and non-toxic polycationic polymer with low
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