Abstract
The efficacy of ventilation of dogs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with a tight fitting face mask or mouth-to-nose rescue breathing has not been evaluated. Twenty-four purpose bred research dogs: Dogs were randomized to be ventilated by cuffed orotracheal tube, tight fitting face mask, mouth-to-nose breathing or compressions only during CPR (n = 6 in all groups). Orotracheal tube and face mask ventilation was performed on room air. Chest compressions were performed during the experimental procedure. Arterial blood gases were performed prior to euthanasia (baseline), at 3 min and at 6 min of CPR. PaO2 and PaCO2 were compared for each time point and each group. There was no difference in PaO2 or PaCO2 between groups at baseline. At 6 min all groups had a significantly higher PaCO2 (P ≤ 0.005) and the facemask and compression only groups had a significantly lower PaO2 (P < 0.02) when compared to the orotracheal tube group. There was no difference between the PaO2 of the mouth-to-nose group compared to the orotracheal tube group at 3 or 6 min. Gastric distension, regurgitation, gas leakage around the mouth, and ineffective breaths were all noted in both the face mask and mouth-to-nose group. The results of this study supports that orotracheal intubation is the preferred technique for ventilation during CPR in dogs. When orotracheal intubation is not possible, face mask ventilation or mouth-to-nose ventilation would be reasonable alternatives. When oxygen supplementation is available, face mask ventilation is likely to be superior. Appropriate training for both face mask and mouth-to-nose ventilation techniques is recommended.
Highlights
Artificial ventilation during resuscitation for in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest or respiratory arrest in dogs and cats is routinely performed by manual ventilation via a cuffed orotracheal tube
The level of oxygenation achieved with face mask ventilation appeared lower than that with mouth-to-nose breathing with a larger difference at the 6 min point, it did not reach statistical significance
In order to compare the effectiveness of mouth-to-nose ventilation, orotracheal and face mask ventilation in this study was performed on room air
Summary
Artificial ventilation during resuscitation for in-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest or respiratory arrest in dogs and cats is routinely performed by manual ventilation via a cuffed orotracheal tube. When orotracheal intubation is not feasible the veterinary CPR guidelines, known as RECOVER, state “it is reasonable to recommend mouth-to-snout rescue breathing for dogs and cats with respiratory arrest or with cardiopulmonary arrest in a 30:2 ratio with chest compressions when endotracheal intubation is not available [1]. Mask ventilation during CPR of adult human patients is recommended when there are two trained rescuers present and has been associated with similar or better neurologic outcomes when compared to more advanced methods of airway management, there is a risk of regurgitation and pulmonary aspiration [3,4,5]. The American Heart Association guidelines for adult CPR states that “bagmask ventilation is a challenging skill that requires considerable practice for competency” [3]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
