Abstract
The efficacy of germicidal ultraviolet (UV-C) light emitting diodes (LEDs) was evaluated for inactivating human enteroviruses included on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)'s Contaminant Candidate List (CCL). A UV-C LED device, emitting at peaks of 260 nm and 280 nm and the combination of 260∣280 nm together, was used to measure and compare potential synergistic effects of dual wavelengths for disinfecting viral organisms. The 260 nm LED proved to be the most effective at inactivating the CCL enteroviruses tested. To obtain 2-log10 inactivation credit for the 260 nm LED, the fluences (UV doses) required are approximately 8 mJ/cm2 for coxsackievirus A10 and poliovirus 1, 10 mJ/cm2 for enterovirus 70, and 13 mJ/cm2 for echovirus 30. No synergistic effect was detected when evaluating the log inactivation of enteroviruses irradiated by the dual-wavelength UV-C LEDs.
Highlights
Human enteroviruses are a significant cause of waterborne disease, resulting in gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract infections, as well as more severe illnesses, such as viral meningitis and encephalitis [1,2]
To achieve a 2-log10 reduction in infectious virus (i.e., 99% reduction) by the most effective wavelength, nm light emitting diodes (LEDs), averaged UV doses were approximately 8 mJ/cm2 for Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) and Poliovirus 1 (PV1), 10 mJ/cm2 for
The 5 mJ/cm2 of UV dose using 260 nm LED can provide at least 1-log10 inactivation of all the enteroviruses tested (Figure A1)
Summary
Human enteroviruses are a significant cause of waterborne disease, resulting in gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract infections, as well as more severe illnesses, such as viral meningitis and encephalitis [1,2]. Non-polio enteroviruses cause about 10 to 15 million infections each year in the United States [3]. Enterovirus 71, as well as poliovirus, were listed in the top five global infectious disease threats determined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) [4]. While most infected people with non-polio enteroviruses have mild illness, these viruses can cause infections in infants and other immunocompromised individuals with serious complications [3]. Human enteroviruses are often detected in wastewater effluents [5,6,7]. Since 2003, these viruses have been listed on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)’s Contaminant Candidate
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