Efficacy of fipronil/( S)-methoprene combination spot-on for dogs against shed eggs, emerging and existing adult cat fleas ( Ctenocephalides felis, Bouché)

Abstract

The inhibitory activities of fipronil (10% (w/v) solution), ( S)-methoprene (9% (w/v) solution), and fipronil/( S)-methoprene (10 and 9% (w/v) solution, respectively) combination against eggs and emerging adult cat fleas ( Ctenocephalides felis) and adulticidal activity were tested on experimentally infested dogs. Thirty-two Beagle dogs were selected for this study and eight replicates of four animals were formed based on body weight within sex. One dog in each replicate was randomly allocated to treatment with: (1) untreated control; (2) fipronil 10% (w/v) solution, (3) ( S)-methoprene 9% (w/v) solution, and (4) fipronil 10% (w/v) and ( S)-methoprene 9% (w/v) combination solution. Treatments were applied once topically on Day 0 at the rate of 0.067 ml/kg. On Days −12, −1, 21, and weekly to Day 84 each dog was infested with ∼200 fleas and comb counted ∼24 h later, or 2 days (our 48 h) after in the case of Day −1 infestation. On Days −11, 1, 22, and weekly to Day 85 each dog was again infested with ∼200 fleas. Flea eggs were collected over ∼24 h beginning 3 days after infestation. Fleas were combed off of the dogs and counted at the end of the egg collection period (∼96 h count). One aliquot of up to about 100 eggs, if available, from each animal at each infestation time was incubated for ∼72 h to determine larval hatch and the other for 35 days to determine the number of adults that developed. The 10% (w/v) fipronil spot-on provided excellent control (>95%) of adult fleas on dogs for 5 weeks. Similarly, the combination spot-on of 10% (w/v) fipronil and 9% (w/v) ( S)-methoprene provided excellent control of adult fleas, i.e., >95% for 5 weeks. From week 6 post-treatment onward, the relatively low inhibition of adult flea emergence substantiated the lack of significant ovicidal/larvicidal activity in the fipronil (10%, w/v) treatment group. However, the combination product provided excellent (>90%) ovicidal activity for 8 weeks and high (91.4%) inhibition of adult flea emergence for 12 weeks. In addition, a synergistic effect of the two compounds in combination was demonstrated with fipronil enhancing the ovicidal and inhibition of adult flea emergence activity of ( S)-methoprene against cat flea eggs. When all stages of the life cycle of the cat flea are considered, the combination spot-on product provided a high level of total flea control yielding a curative effect against adult fleas and inhibition of flea development stages with little to no potential reinfestation pressure on the animal or in the environment for 12 weeks.