Abstract
This research evaluated the in vitro acaricidal activity of extracts from 21 plant species from the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. During stage I, a larval immersion test was performed using three extract concentrations (5%, 20%, and 40%). During stage II, we used only plants that showed over 95% efficiency at the 40% concentration in stage I in an amount sufficient for the adult immersion test. Aeschynomene denticulata, Angelonia hirta, Aspilia latissima, Caperonia castaneifolia, Centratherum punctatum, Crotalaria micans, Diodia kuntzei, Echinodorus paniculatus, Hyptis mutabilis, Lantana canescens, Melanthera latifolia, Ocotea diospyrifolia, Richardia grandiflora, Sebastiana hispida, Tocoyena formosa, Zanthoxylum rigidum, and Sesbania virgata (fruit extract) showed acaricidal activity against the larval stage of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus higher than 95% at a 40% (w/v) concentration, while Hippocratea volubilis and Randia armata showed moderate efficacy and Croton glandulosus and Senna obtusifolia had no effect. The M. latifolia, A. hirta, R. grandiflora, and A. latissima raw extracts were evaluated for their activity against adults, and only A. hirta showed an efficacy close to 90%. Eighteen extracts had an efficacy of up to 95% against larvae at a 40% concentration, seven extracts were effective at 20%, and only one (Sebastiana hispida) was effective at a 5% concentration.
Highlights
The resistance of R. (B.) microplus to almost every chemical group in Mato Grosso do Sul State has been demonstrated; this situation is detrimental to Brazil as a whole (GOMES et al, 2011) and affects several other countries (FAO, 2004)
Aeschynomene denticulata, Angelonia hirta, Aspilia latissima, Caperonia castaneifolia, Centratherum punctatum, Crotalaria micans, Diodia kuntzei, Echinodorus paniculatus, Hyptis mutabilis, Lantana canescens, Melanthera latifolia, Ocotea diospyrifolia, Richardia grandiflora, Sebastiana hispida, Tocoyena formosa, Zanthoxylum rigidum, and Sesbania virgata showed acaricidal activity against the larval stage of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus higher than 95% at a 40% (w/v) concentration, while Hippocratea volubilis and Randia armata showed moderate efficacy and Croton glandulosus and Senna obtusifolia had no effect
Twelve extracts presented 100% efficiency at a 40% concentration, seven extracts presented an efficiency equal to or greater than 95% at a 20% concentration, one extract presented an efficiency greater than 95% at a 5% concentration, and two extracts, S. obtusifolia and C. glandulosus, were considered inefficient against R. (B.) microplus because they presented less than 95% efficiency at the highest concentration evaluated in this study (40%)
Summary
The resistance of R. (B.) microplus to almost every chemical group in Mato Grosso do Sul State has been demonstrated; this situation is detrimental to Brazil as a whole (GOMES et al, 2011) and affects several other countries (FAO, 2004). (B.) microplus to almost every chemical group in Mato Grosso do Sul State has been demonstrated; this situation is detrimental to Brazil as a whole (GOMES et al, 2011) and affects several other countries (FAO, 2004). Due to this reduction in the susceptibility to current acaricidals, there has been an increase in the development of studies using natural products to search for new active ingredients (NEEWMAN; CRAGG, 2012). The objective of this study was to evaluate 21 species from 12 different families of plants from the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS) Plant extracts collection to identify candidate for new synthetic acaricidal drug screening
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