Abstract
BackgroundExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are known to be secreted by various cells. In particular, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have tissue repair capacity and anti-inflammatory properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are MSCs isolated from pulp tissue, are less invasive to the body than other MSCs and can be collected from young individuals. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of EVs secreted by DPSCs (DPSC-EVs) for bone formation.MethodsDPSC-EVs were isolated from the cell culture medium of DPSCs. DPSC-EVs were unilaterally injected along with collagen (COL), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) or hydroxyapatite (HA) into rat calvarial bone defects. The effects of DPSC-EVs were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological observation.ResultsMicro-CT showed that administration of DPSC-EVs with the abovementioned scaffolds resulted in bone formation in the periphery of the defects. DPSC-EVs/COL specifically resulted in bone formation in the center of the defects. Histological observation revealed that DPSC-EVs/COL promoted new bone formation. Administration of DPSC-EVs/COL had almost the same effect on the bone defect site as transplantation of DPSCs/COL.ConclusionsThese results suggest that DPSC-EVs may be effective tools for bone tissue regeneration.
Highlights
Regenerative therapy with stem cells has the potential to treat intractable diseases and serious tissue damage
mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are associated with fewer ethical problems than embryonic stem (ES) cells and have a lower risk of tumorigenesis than induced pluripotent stem cells [1]
Recent studies have focused on the effects of Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrowderived MSCs (BMMSC-EVs) and EVs derived from Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) (DPSC-EVs) [20, 21]
Summary
Regenerative therapy with stem cells has the potential to treat intractable diseases and serious tissue damage. Among the cells types thought to be therapeutically efficacious, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are tissue stem cells and are present in adults. MSCs can be collected from various tissues, such as bone marrow, fat, the umbilical cord, and dental pulp [2]. Invasive procedures are required to obtain MSCs from bone marrow and fat but not from birth-related tissues such as the placenta, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid, and amniotic membrane. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have tissue repair capacity and anti-inflammatory properties. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which are MSCs isolated from pulp tissue, are less invasive to the body than other MSCs and can be collected from young individuals. We investigated the efficacy of EVs secreted by DPSCs (DPSC-EVs) for bone formation
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