Abstract
BackgroundDecreased physical performance and impaired physiological and psychological fitness have been reported in patients with acute leukemia (AL). We performed a meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of exercise in patients with AL.MethodsIn this meta-analysis, the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL and PEDro were searched through November 2015. Three authors participated in the study selection, data extraction and quality assessment. The instrument used for quality assessment was derived from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Analyses were performed according to the recommendations of The Cochrane Collaboration using Review Manager 5.3.ResultsNine trials (8 randomized controlled trials and 1 quasi-experimental design trial) with 314 AL participants were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled standardized mean differences between the exercise and control groups were 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09 to 0.80, P value = 0.01, P for heterogeneity = 0.23, I2 = 28%) for cardiorespiratory fitness and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.28 to 1.06, P value = 0.0007, P for heterogeneity = 0.14, I2 = 43%) for muscle strength. Based on the data for fatigue, anxiety, and depression, there were no significant differences in these parameters between the exercise and control groups.ConclusionsExercise has beneficial effects on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and functional mobility; however, no significant improvements in fatigue, anxiety, depression or quality of life were observed. Further large-scale randomized trials are needed to assess the safety, feasibility and efficacy of exercise programs for AL patients.
Highlights
Cancer patients gradually exercise less as the disease progresses and typically get less than the recommended level of exercise, as stated in previously published studies [1,2]
Nine trials (8 randomized controlled trials and 1 quasi-experimental design trial) with 314 acute leukemia (AL) participants were included in this meta-analysis
The pooled standardized mean differences between the exercise and control groups were 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09 to 0.80, P value = 0.01, P for heterogeneity = 0.23, I2 = 28%) for cardiorespiratory fitness and 0.67 for muscle strength
Summary
Cancer patients gradually exercise less as the disease progresses and typically get less than the recommended level of exercise, as stated in previously published studies [1,2]. This decline is caused by various factors, including cardiopulmonary, gastrointestinal and neurological toxicities, anemia, thrombocytopenia and cachexia [3]. As an ancillary treatment to oncotherapy, exercise may improve quality of life (QOL), physical fitness, mood and many other factors in patients with solid tumors [13].
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