Abstract
BackgroundEuphorbia helioscopia, conventionally known as sun spurge, has been used as a traditional medicine to treat different diseases owing to its reported antitumor, antiviral and antioxidant activities.MethodsThe current research was formulated to assess the in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic ability of Euphorbia helioscopia subsequent to the phytochemical analysis of its various extracts. For this purpose, methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts were prepared using the whole dried plant. Phytochemical analysis of the extracts was done to evaluate the total flavonoid components (TFC) and total phenolic components (TPC) in the extracts. A total of seven phenolic and three flavonoid contents were documented and quantified using HPLC. Antioxidant values were found by DPPH● assay, FRAP and ABTS assays. The antidiabetic potential of the extracts was evaluated by measuring the inhibition ability of the activity of enzymes α amylase and α glucosidase.ResultsAfter analyzing statistically, the results showed that methanolic extract possesses the highest TFC and TPC values while aqueous extract encompassed the lowest level of these contents. Invitro results showed that methanolic extract of the Euphorbia helioscopia has the maximum antioxidant capability since it showed the highest scavenging ability towards the DPPH● (IC50 value = 0.06 ± 0.02 mg/ml), FRAP (758.9 ± 25.1 μMFe+ 2/g), and ABTS (689 ± 25.94 μMTEq/g) due to the presence of high TPC (24.77 ± 0.35 mgGAEq/g) and TFC (17.95 ± 0.32 mgQEq/g) values. Antidiabetic activity in terms of inhibition potential of α amylase and α glucosidase activity was also observed maximum in methanolic extract having lowest IC50 value (0.4 ± 0.01 mg/ml and 0.45 ± 0.01 mg/ml respectively) and minimum in the aqueous extract (IC50 value = 0.57 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 0.76 ± 0.1 mg/ml respectively).ConclusionThe experiment outcomes have shown that Euphorbia helioscopia extracts used in the current study contain antioxidant and antidiabetic activities; however, it is highest in its methanolic extract. The presence of the same trend towards the highest antidiabetic activity of the methanolic extract in terms of maximum inhibiting activity of α amylase and α glucosidase enzymes suggests a close association of TFC and TPC in minimizing diabetes.
Highlights
Euphorbia helioscopia, conventionally known as sun spurge, has been used as a traditional medicine to treat different diseases owing to its reported antitumor, antiviral and antioxidant activities
Acids found in ethanolic extract included gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, P-cumaric acid and ferulic acid, while phenolic compounds found in methanolic extract included gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and vanillic acid and those found in aqueous extract included gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid as presented in Table
Chlorogenic acid was found maximum in MtEh (2368.06.41 ± 81.84 mg/g) and Aqueous extract of Euphorbia helioscopia (AqEh) (1072.95 ± 41.25 mg/g) while gallic acid was found maximum in Ethanolic extract of Euphorbia helioscopia (EthEh) (829.41 ± 52.31 mg/g)
Summary
Conventionally known as sun spurge, has been used as a traditional medicine to treat different diseases owing to its reported antitumor, antiviral and antioxidant activities. Various natural plant extracts have exhibited significant antioxidant activity [1, 2]. These extracts encompass significant amounts of different bioactive molecules used in various pharmaceutical industry products [3, 4]. Disproportionate reactive oxygen species that are derived from oxygen and nitrogen are the chief cause of the oxidative injury to tissues and organs [7, 8]. ROS formation may be due to the oxidation of glucose, nonenzymatic glycation of proteins, and enhanced peroxidation of lipids that causes harm to the cells and enzymes leading to insulin resistance [14]
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