Efficacy of epidural esketamine on postoperative sleep quality after laparoscopic and robotic lower abdominal surgeries: a study protocol for randomised, double-blind, controlled trial

Abstract

IntroductionPostoperative sleep disturbances significantly impair postoperative recovery. The administration of intravenous esketamine has been shown to potentially improve postoperative sleep quality. However, the effectiveness of epidural esketamine in improving postoperative...