Abstract
Abstract Although the host range of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) includes more than 200 insect species, nematodes have only been marketed successfully for a small fraction of these insects. Accordingly, in this chapter, lepidopteran insect pests representing different agroecosystems are selected to highlight the efficacy of EPNs (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) against them. The term 'efficacy' is defined as the qualitative as well as the quantitative measurement of the ability of EPNs to produce insect disease. Examples are given of the efficacy of EPNs against lepidopteran insects in different habitats. Case studies are also provided on the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon, the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea, the leopard moth borer Zeuzera pyrina, the codling moth Cydia pomonella and other fruit tree borers. The examples of the field efficacy of EPNs against lepidopterans have indicated that most of them are at least susceptible to nematodes in soil, cryptic and foliar habitats.
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