Abstract
Background: Biofilm removal from the root canal during endodontic treatment is necessary to prevent further complications. Irrigation is essential to success. Several irrigants have been proposed without a proper comparison. The aim of the study is to compare the antibacterial capacity of different activated irrigants using passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) or XP-Endo finisher (XPF). Methods: A total of 100 instrumented teeth were incubated in an Eppendorf tube containing 0.5 McFarland of Enterococcus faecalis and incubated for 2 weeks at 37 °C. Roots were divided into 5 groups (n = 20) according to the irrigant type: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (17%), ethydronic acid (HEDP) (9%) mixed with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), EDTA (17%) mixed with 5.25% NaOCl, PBS, and a control group. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 10): PUI and XPF. Results: As compared to the untreated control group, the irrigators included in the study had a significant effect in bacteria reduction. The obtained results show HEDP to be the most effective irrigant, since no bacteria were recovered after treatment of this group, followed by EDTA mixed with NaOCl and, finally, the EDTA-irrigated group. Conclusions: HEDP is the best irrigating agent in combination with XPF or PUI file activation to eliminate bacteria in our experimental model.
Highlights
Most endodontic infections are caused by bacteria [1]
J. 2021, 9, 41 to eliminate all living bacteria from the inoculum; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) treatment alone did not cause any effect on E. faecalis growth properties
We can observe that any of the conditions containing NaOCl were enough to eliminate all living bacteria from the inoculum; EDTA treatment alone did not cause any effect on E. faecalis growth properties
Summary
The bacteria that colonize root canals usually form complex communities considered as biofilm. These biofilm structures, contain an extracellular matrix of secreted polysaccharides or extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), hosting different bacteria species with a preference for necrotic tissues [2]. One of the main causes of endodontic failure is the presence, multiplication, and migration into the periapical tissues of biofilms present in the root canals [2]. Cleaning and disinfection of the root canal system is essential to prevent reinfection. This is achieved by bacteria removal using mechanical instrumentation of the root canal combined with specific irrigants. The aim of the study is to compare the antibacterial capacity of different activated irrigants using passive ultrasonic activation (PUI) or XP-Endo finisher (XPF)
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