Abstract
Background: The presence of persistent infections in the root canals by microorganisms causes root canal failure. The most commonly found bacteria that cause persistent infection is Enterococcus faecalis. PDI / photodynamic inactivation is an in vitro approach to inactivation of microorganisms. The combination of light and photosensitivity of chlorophyll in PDI will cause photoinactivation in bacteria. Long radiation of PDT can affect the production of singlet oxygen and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) to kill Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Objective: To prove the effect of 405 nm laser diode with and without chlorophyll photosensitizer and the irradiation effect of 405 nm laser diode on the number of CFU of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Method: This study used the Enterococcus faecalis bacteria cultur which was divided into 5 groups. Group I as control group, Group II irradiation 30 ', III chlorophyll + irradiation 30', IV irradiation 60 ', V chlorophyll + irradiation 60'. After incubation, the bacteria count was calculated with Quebec Colony Counter and analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test, Levene test and Anova test. Results: There were significant differences (p <0.05) between the number of colonies of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria in each treatment group. Longer duration of PDT exposure (Group II and IV) with chlorophyll showed less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. Conclusion: The longer the PDT irradiation, the less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The 60-second radiation with chlorophyll showed the least amount of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria.
Highlights
The presence of persistent infections in the root canals by microorganisms causes root canal failure
Enterococcus faecalis bacteria have been shown to survive in root canals as single organisms and resistant to commonly used antimicrobial ingredients making it difficult to eliminate from the root canal completely resulting in failure of root canal treatment 16,31 Pathological microorganisms can penetrate the root dentin tubules to a depth of 1000 μm, while the irrigation disinfection material only reaches 100 μm depth
From the statistical calculation, the average and standard deviation of the colonies of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria after irradiation was done as Table 5.1
Summary
The presence of persistent infections in the root canals by microorganisms causes root canal failure. The most commonly found bacteria that cause persistent infection is Enterococcus faecalis. The combination of light and photosensitivity of chlorophyll in PDI will cause photoinactivation in bacteria. Longer duration of PDT exposure (Group II and IV) with chlorophyll showed less number of Enterococcus faecalis bacteria. The laser beam penetrates into the dentinal tubule to exceed 1110 μm depth for more perfect root canal sterilization, has no toxic content and has a high degree of selectivity to kill bacteria without damaging host cells Photodynamic inactivation or PDI is an in vitro approach to inactivation of microorganisms. The combination of light and certain photosensitiser in PDI will cause photoinactivation in bacteria. Each porphyrin molecule has specific light absorption capabilities with specific wavelengths against specific bacteria[17]
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