Abstract
Osteoarthritis belongs to the most common joint diseases in humans and animals and shows increased incidence in older patients. The bioactivities of collagen hydrolysates, sulfated glucosamine and a special fatty acid enriched dog-food were tested in a dog patient study of 52 dogs as potential therapeutic treatment options in early osteoarthritis. Biophysical, biochemical, cell biological and molecular modeling methods support that these well-defined substances may act as effective nutraceuticals. Importantly, the applied collagen hydrolysates as well as sulfated glucosamine residues from marine organisms were strongly supported by both an animal model and molecular modeling of intermolecular interactions. Molecular modeling of predicted interaction dynamics was evaluated for the receptor proteins MMP-3 and ADAMTS-5. These proteins play a prominent role in the maintenance of cartilage health as well as innate and adapted immunity. Nutraceutical data were generated in a veterinary clinical study focusing on mobility and agility. Specifically, key clinical parameter (MMP-3 and TIMP-1) were obtained from blood probes of German shepherd dogs with early osteoarthritis symptoms fed with collagen hydrolysates. Collagen hydrolysate, a chondroprotective food supplement was examined by high resolution NMR experiments. Molecular modeling simulations were used to further characterize the interaction potency of collagen fragments and glucosamines with protein receptor structures. Potential beneficial effects of collagen hydrolysates, sulfated glycans (i.e., sulfated glucosamine from crabs and mussels) and lipids, especially, eicosapentaenoic acid (extracted from fish oil) on biochemical and physiological processes are discussed here in the context of human and veterinary medicine.
Highlights
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in humans and animals and shows increased incidence in older patients
The body condition score (BCS) of the dogs is defined according to Mele [45]
Our observations suggest that the collagen hydrolysate applied in this dog-study contains bio-active fragments that have a beneficial effect on OA symptoms, similar to that observed for sulfated glucosamine
Summary
Osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease in humans and animals and shows increased incidence in older patients. Chondroprotective compounds are considered to be well tolerated and can be administered unhesitatingly over longer periods of time In this context, glucosamine sulfate as well as a special diet with fish oil belongs to a standard therapy in veterinary medicine. Clinical studies in which potential effects of collagen hydrolysate and sulfated glucosamine are directly compared with each other and discussed in relation to molecular mechanisms are still missing. We assessed the effect of the applied substances on the cartilage health of animals under study by a combination of biophysical, biochemical, cell-biological methods and molecular modeling tools. Such an arsenal of methods has previously been used to assess the beneficial therapeutic effects of other bio-medical-relevant macromolecules. Molecular modeling studies of the applied nutraceuticals are essential since they provide valuable hints on how these substances
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