Abstract
The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the inhibitory effects of a mouthwash containing 0.1% ClO2 used for 2 weeks on oral malodor, periodontal and salivary parameters, tongue coating, and Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria in saliva. Thirty‐nine subjects with oral malodor were randomly assigned into two groups. In the first stage, one group was instructed to rinse with the experimental mouthwash (containing 0.1% ClO2), whereas the other group was instructed to rinse with the control mouthwash (sodium chloride 0.9%) for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of washing out, in the second stage, each group then used the other mouthwash for 2 weeks. Oral malodor, periodontal status, tongue coating, salivary pH and flow rate, and the amounts of the salivary bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Solobacterium moorei, Streptococcus salivarius, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia were evaluated at baseline and after 2 weeks of mouthwash use. After 12 hr and after 2 weeks, organoleptic scores and the levels of H2S and CH3SH were significantly lower in the experimental group compared with those in the control group. After 2 weeks, the experimental mouthwash appeared significantly effective in reducing plaque index, tongue‐coating score, and the amounts of F. nucleatum, S. moorei, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in the whole saliva, compared with those at baseline. Mouthwash containing 0.1% ClO2 is effective in reducing oral malodor, dental plaque, tongue‐coating accumulation, and the amounts of F. nucleatum, S. moorei, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in saliva.
Highlights
Oral malodor, commonly known as halitosis or bad breath, describes an offensive odor that emerges from the oral cavity and is detected by others (Tonzetich, 1977)
After 2 weeks of rinsing, our study demonstrated that 0.1% ClO2 mouthwash had significant antibacterial activity against F . nucleatum and two species belonging to the red complex, T. forsythia and T. denticola, whereas no significant changes were made to A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis
This mouthwash is effective in decreasing Plaque index (PI), tongue coating, and the amounts of Gram‐positive and Gram‐ negative bacteria such as F . nucleatum, S. moorei, T. denticola, and T. forsythia in saliva
Summary
Commonly known as halitosis or bad breath, describes an offensive odor that emerges from the oral cavity and is detected by others (Tonzetich, 1977). Oral malodor is not a serious illness, but it deeply affects communication and the psychological issues of patients. It is one of the leading causes for patients to seek dental treatment, just behind caries and periodontal disease (Loesche & Kazor, 2002). The origins of oral malodor mainly come from various products of bacterial metabolism, such as amino acids, oral epithelial cells, and white blood cells. The products of this metabolism include volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs), indoles, skatoles, amines, and ammonia. VSCs are mainly hydrogen sulphide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and
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