Abstract
If the alveolar bone height of patients requiring dental implants in the maxillary molar region is inadequate, it is difficult to achieve satisfactory outcomes using existing bone graft materials. We previously reported the possible utility of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a new dental treatment material. BC has a high absorptive capacity, good mechanical strength, and good volume retention. BC loaded with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) might allow effective alveolar bone augmentation. We created critical frontal bone defect models in 12 male Japanese white rabbits and divided them into four groups: sham; BC (BC grafting only); BMP-2 (treated with BMP-2 solution only); and BC+BMP-2 (grafted with BC loaded with BMP-2). Newly formed bone volume was calculated via hematoxylin-eosin staining evaluation. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen and osteocalcin levels were determined by the immunohistochemical staining analysis. All measured indices of the BC+BMP-2 group were significantly superior to those of the other groups (all p < 0.05). BC maintained the graft space and released BMP-2 in a sustained manner, promoting optimal bone formation. The BC+BMP-2 combination enhanced bone regeneration and shows promise as a useful means of clinical pre-dental implant bone augmentation in the maxillary sinus.
Highlights
Dental implantation is a routine procedure, placing implants in the posterior maxillary region remains a challenge because the height of the alveolar process is often insufficient due to the location of the maxillary sinus
The extent of new bone growth in the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) group was slightly were evident between the wall and membrane
We found that the extent of new bone formation was greatest in the bacterial cellulose (BC)+Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-2 group, followed by the BC and the BMP-2 groups, at both four and eight weeks (Figure 3)
Summary
Dental implantation is a routine procedure, placing implants in the posterior maxillary region remains a challenge because the height of the alveolar process is often insufficient due to the location of the maxillary sinus. To resolve this anatomical constraint, Boyne and James [1,2,3]. Developed a technique for maxillary sinus floor elevation. The prognosis for implant treatment with maxillary sinus floor elevation is good, and this method has been widely accepted as an essential technique for implantation in the posterior maxilla. There are several limitations to this, including the invasive nature of the procedure to harvest bone and the limited amount of bone available to be collected, in addition to a long treatment duration, postoperative complications, and Materials 2019, 12, 2489; doi:10.3390/ma12152489 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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