Efficacy of Aloe secundiflora Crude Extracts on Ascaridia galli in Vitro

Fredrick Kaingu,Lewis Mungai,Rebecca Waihenya,Robert Shivairo,Alfred Kibor

doi:10.5539/sar.v2n2p49

Abstract

Aloe secundiflora Synonym: Aloe floramaculata, Aloe marsabitensis, Aloe engleri belongs to the family Asphodelaceae. Aloe leaf gel and Aloe exudates are the main components. The gel is derived from parenchytomous cells while exudates are derived from the inner epidermal layers. The gel consists of mainly polysaccharides while the exudates consists of a mixture of phenolic compounds mainly athrones, chromones and phenyl pyrones. Leaf components of Aloe have been credited for antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral and anthelmintic medicinal properties. The effectiveness of Aloe secundiflora extracts on the most prevalent nematode of chicken Ascaridia galli was conducted in vitro. The results of this study indicate that Hexane, Ethylacetate, Acetone, Methanol and chloroform extracts were found active in hindering the development of Ascaridia galli eggs to larval stage three (L3), and this was dependent on the concentration of the crude extract. The lowest concentration of the various extracts (5 mg/ml) had an inhibition percent (IP), 75.52%, 79.60%, 87.21%, 86.13% and 43.6% respectively. The highest concentration of the extracts was (50 mg/ml), at this level the inhibition percent was found higher than in the lowest extracts concentrations i.e., 91.84%, 97.55%, 100%, 99.46% and 91.29% respectively. Aloe secundiflora extracts therefore have inhibitory effects on the Ascaridia galli larval development in vitro. Phytochemical tests on the extracts revealed the presence of various chemical compounds.

Highlights

1.1 Problem StatementFree-range chickens are known to suffer a wide range of common parasitic diseases throughout the world due to the scavenging habits
The results of this study indicate that Hexane, Ethylacetate, Acetone, Methanol and chloroform extracts were found active in hindering the development of Ascaridia galli eggs to larval stage three (L3), and this was dependent on the concentration of the crude extract
Two tests were performed for polysaccharides test; the bromine test which test the presence of multiple bonds and the acetylide test which tests the presence of a triple bond, Aloe secundiflora chloroform extract and Aloe secundiflora acetone extract tested positive for the presence of terminal alkynes by forming grayish white precipitate

Summary

Introduction

1.1 Problem StatementFree-range chickens are known to suffer a wide range of common parasitic diseases throughout the world due to the scavenging habits. Prevalence studies by Permin et al (1997) indicated that almost 100% of the local chickens are infected by a wide range of ecto-parasites, endo-parasites and haemoparasites. This has lead to poor performance of Indigenous chicken in Kenya and to a large extent in Africa. The reliance on synthetic anthelmintics which are highly costly and inaccessible in many developing countries may present a challenge in the management and elimination of Gastro-Intestinal parasite infections in chicken necessitating new alternative ways of helminthes and parasites control As result of these challenges, pastoralists and Small Holder Farmers have continued to apply Ethno-veterinary Medicine. The application of Ethno veterinary medicine presents an affordable, sustainable alternative if the compounds were scientifically evaluated to be useful

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Results

Conclusion