Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the pharmacology and anti-parasitic efficacy of albendazole–chitosan microspheres (ABZ-CS-MPs) for established intraperitoneal infections of Echinococcus multilocularis metacestodes in an experimental murine model. Male outbred Kunming mice infected with E. multilocularis Metacestodes were administered with three ABZ formulations, namely, ABZ-CS-MPs, Liposome–Albendazole (L-ABZ), and albendazole tablet (ABZ-T). Each of the ABZ formulations was given orally at three different doses of 37.5, 75, and 150mg/kg, three times a week for 12 weeks postinfection. After administering the drugs, we monitored the pharmacological performance and anti-parasitic efficacy of ABZ-CS-MPs compared with L-ABZ, and ABZ-T treated mice. ABZ-CS-MPs reduced the weight of tissues containing E. multilocularis metacestodes most effectively compared with the ABZ-T group and untreated controls. Metacestode grown was Highly suppressed during treatment with ABZ-CS-MPs. Significantly higher plasma levels of ABZ metabolites were measured in mice treated with ABZ-CS-MPs or L-ABZ compared with ABZ-T. In particular, enhanced ABZ-sulfoxide concentration profiles were observed in the mice given 150mg/kg of ABZ-CS-MPs, but not in the mice treated with L-ABZ. Histological examination showed that damages caused disorganization of both the germinal and laminated layers of liver hyatid cysts, demolishing their characteristic structures after treatment with ABZ-CS-MPs or L-ABZ. Over time, ABZ-CS-MPs treatment induced a shift from Th2-dominant to Th1-dominant immune response. CS-MPs As a new carrier exhibited improved absorption and increased bioavailability of ABZ in the treatment of E. multilocularis infections in mice.
Highlights
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a serious helminthic zoonosis caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis, this parasitic infection can lead to severe damage to the human liver, lungs and other organs, and is potentially lethal when left untreated [1]
Albendazole Chitosan Microsphere for Echinococcosis anti-parasitic drugs in patients infected with AE
The anti-parasitic efficacy of albendazole–chitosan microspheres (ABZ-CS-MPs) in mice infected with Echinococcus multilocularis was assessed
Summary
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a serious helminthic zoonosis caused by the metacestode stage of Echinococcus multilocularis, this parasitic infection can lead to severe damage to the human liver, lungs and other organs, and is potentially lethal when left untreated [1]. The major treatment option for AE is radical surgery accompanied by pre- and post-operative medical treatment. Most patients infected with AE are without specific symptoms at the early stage and often miss the opportunity for surgical therapy, usually resulting in a diagnosis of advanced AE disease [6]. In cases where surgery is impossible, medical treatment remains an effective option. Albendazole (ABZ) is the most common and effective antiparasitic drug for AE treatment. ABZ usually involves the lifelong uptake of large doses of the drug, making the prevention of many severe adverse drug effects difficult [8]
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