Abstract
BackgroundThe efficacy of a novel oral combination product, Simparica Trio™, containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel was evaluated against five tick species that commonly infest dogs in the USA, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus.MethodsLaboratory studies were conducted against two different strains of each tick species. In each study, 10 purpose-bred Beagle or mixed-breed dogs were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups based on pre-treatment host-suitability tick counts. Dogs were infested with approximately 50 (45–55) unfed adult ticks on Days -2, 5, 12, 19, 26 and 33. On Day 0, dogs received either a single oral dose of Simparica Trio™ at the minimum label dose of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 µg/kg moxidectin and 5 mg/kg pyrantel (as pamoate salt) or placebo. Tick counts were conducted at 48 h post-treatment and after each subsequent weekly re-infestation for A. maculatum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis and R. sanguineus studies and at 48 hours or at 72 h post-treatment and after weekly re-infestation in the first and second A. americanum studies, respectively.ResultsNo treatment-related adverse reactions occurred in any study. In all studies, placebo-treated dogs maintained infestations throughout the entire study duration, and dogs treated with Simparica Trio™ had significantly lower (P ≤ 0.0010) mean live tick counts than placebo-treated dogs at all time-points. Against A. maculatum, D. variabilis, I. scapularis and R. sanguineus, a single oral dose of Simparica Trio™ evaluated at 48 h post-treatment provided ≥ 98.9% efficacy against existing infestations, and within 48 h of re-infestation efficacy was ≥ 90.4% through at least Day 28 (except for R. sanguineus on Day 14 in a single study with an efficacy of 89.7%). Against A. americanum, Simparica Trio™ provided ≥ 99.4% efficacy at ≤ 72 h after treatment of existing infestations and maintained ≥ 98.4% efficacy at ≤ 72 h after re-infestation through at least Day 35.ConclusionsA single dose of Simparica Trio™ administered orally at the minimum label dosage of 1.2 mg/kg sarolaner, 24 µg/kg moxidectin and 5 mg/kg pyrantel provided treatment and control of the common tick species infesting dogs in the USA for at least one month.
Highlights
The efficacy of a novel oral combination product, Simparica TrioTM, containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel was evaluated against five tick species that commonly infest dogs in the USA, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus
The five hard tick species used in the studies reported here, i.e. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, represent all genera known to commonly infest dogs and cats in the USA [3, 9, 10]
All five are known to act as vectors for important canine pathogens, including Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by I. scapularis; Babesia canis, B. gibsoni and Ehrlichia canis transmitted by R. sanguineus; Ehrlichia ewingii transmitted by A. americanum; Hepatozoon americanum transmitted by A. maculatum; and Rickettsia rickettsii transmitted by D. variabilis [3, 7, 9, 10]
Summary
The efficacy of a novel oral combination product, Simparica TrioTM, containing sarolaner, moxidectin and pyrantel was evaluated against five tick species that commonly infest dogs in the USA, Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The five hard tick species used in the studies reported here, i.e. Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, Dermacentor variabilis, Ixodes scapularis and Rhipicephalus sanguineus, represent all genera (and ~ 50% of the species) known to commonly infest dogs and cats in the USA [3, 9, 10]. The majority of ticks important in canine health, including the five species studied here, are hard ticks with multiple life stages (larva, nymph and adult) that each feed on a unique host. The time period between attachment to the host and the transmission of pathogens, which may be as long as 24–48 hours, is a window of opportunity in the control of tick infestation and the prevention of tick-borne pathogen transmission, providing the chance to interrupt the tick life-cycle and the spread of disease [3, 11, 12]
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