Abstract
This three-arm randomised controlled trial evaluated whether (1) a multi-component weight loss intervention targeting diet, physical activity (PA), and sleep was effective at improving dietary intake over six months and 12 months, compared with a control, and (2) the enhanced diet, PA, and sleep intervention was more effective at improving dietary intake than the traditional diet and PA intervention. A total of 116 adults (70% female, 44.5 years, BMI 31.7 kg/m2) were randomised to either traditional diet and PA intervention; enhanced diet, PA, and sleep intervention; or wait-list control. To examine between-group differences, intervention groups were pooled and compared with the control. Then, the two intervention groups were compared. At six months, the pooled intervention group consumed 1011 fewer kilojoules/day (95% CI −1922, −101), less sodium (−313.2 mg/day; 95% CI −591.3, −35.0), and higher %EI from fruit (+2.1%EI; 95% CI 0.1, 4.1) than the controls. There were no differences in intake between the enhanced and traditional groups at six months. At 12 months, the pooled intervention and control groups reported no significant differences. However, compared to the traditional group, the enhanced reported higher %EI from nutrient-dense foods (+7.4%EI; 95% CI 1.3, 13.5) and protein (+2.4%EI; 95% CI 0.1, 4.6), and reduced %EI from fried/takeaway foods (−3.6%EI; 95% CI −6.5, −0.7), baked sweet products (−2.0%EI; 95% CI −3.6, −0.4), and packaged snacks (−1.1%EI; 95% CI −2.2, −0.3). This weight loss intervention reduced total energy and sodium intakes as well as increased fruit intake in adults at six months. The enhanced intervention group reported improved dietary intake relative to the traditional group at 12 months.
Highlights
IntroductionWeight loss studies rarely report participants’ dietary changes in addition to weight loss outcomes [10,11]
The primary objective of the current study was to evaluate whether a multi-component m-Health weight loss intervention in adults with overweight and obesity that targeted dietary, physical activity, and sleep behaviours was effective at improving dietary intake over six months, and longer-term at 12 months, compared to a wait-list control
The primary objective was to evaluate whether a multi-component m-Health weight loss intervention in adults with overweight and obesity that targeted dietary, physical activity, and sleep behaviours was effective at improving dietary intake over six months, and after 12 month follow-up, compared with a wait-list control
Summary
Weight loss studies rarely report participants’ dietary changes in addition to weight loss outcomes [10,11] Of those studies that have reported dietary outcomes, change in total energy intake or macronutrient intake was most commonly reported, while change in overall diet quality or foods was rarely reported [12]. While changes energy and macronutrient intakes are important, identifying changes in the consumption of different types of healthy/unhealthy foods provides valuable information about food patterns that are amenable to change in the context of overweight and obesity. This information could be used to inform future weight loss interventions and may assist in improving effectiveness
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