Abstract
The mechanism of the mineralization process induced by natural mineralized collagen (MC) has been investigated for decades. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of self-assembled MC for peri-implant bone defect reconstruction in a mini pig. A standardized peri-implant bone defect model was created using 14 mini pig mandibles. Two materials were evaluated, i.e. a mixture of hydroxyapatite and collagen (Type A, TA), and self-assembled MC (Type B, TB). Bio-Oss (BO) and untreated (blank control, BC) groups were used as controls. After 3- and 6-month healing periods, the mini pigs were sacrificed for histomorphometric and microcomputed tomography analysis. After 3 months of healing, the average alveolar ridge height was 3.27 ± 1.57 mm for group TA, 3.28 ± 2.02 mm for group TB and 3.37 ± 1.09 mm for group BO, while group BC showed the lowest height of 2.68 ± 0.47 mm. After 6 months of healing, the average alveolar ridge height was 2.64 ± 1.13 mm for group TA, 4.31 ± 1.80 mm for group TB and 3.87 ± 1.38 mm for group BO, while group BC showed the lowest height of 2.48 ± 1.80 mm. The experimental groups and control group showed similar bone volume density, bone complexity and histological reaction. The self-assembled MC (Type B) stimulated new bone formation in the reconstruction of deficient alveolar ridges around the dental implant; it also displayed excellent clinical operability compared with bone grafts without collagen.
Highlights
Dental implant restoration is becoming increasingly popular for tooth-loss patients
A soft diet was provided to all of the animals, rupture of the surgical wound was inevitable during the early healing phase
The results of the present study indicate similar clinical bone augmentation heights regardless of the origin or type of bone-grafting material
Summary
Dental implant restoration is becoming increasingly popular for tooth-loss patients. Sufficient bone volume is needed to guarantee the long-term success of dental implant placement [1, 2]. The outcomes of localized and generalized alveolar bone defects after tooth loss can vary according to dental infections, alveolar trauma, extractions and periodontal disease [3,4,5]. Reconstruction of resorbed alveolar ridges has been a goal and challenge for clinicians to optimize the outcomes of oral implant placements. Various surgical approaches have been used to enhance the alveolar bone volume, including but not limited to ridge splitting, distraction osteogenesis, onlay and particulate bone-grafting. Combining bone graft materials with carrier membranes is often used to obtain adequate bone height, bone width, and ridge contour for small or peri-implant defects
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