Efficacy evaluation of Veeralin LN, a PBO-incorporated alpha-cypermethrin long-lasting insecticidal net against Anopheles culicifacies in experimental huts in Odisha State

Gunasekaran Kasinathan,Sonia Thankachy,Nallan Krishnamoorthy,Mohammed Mustafa Baig,Purushothaman Jambulingam,Swaminathan Subramanian,Sudhansu Sekhar Sahu,Smrutidhara Dash

doi:10.1186/s12936-020-03480-6

Gunasekaran Kasinathan, Sonia Thankachy + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-020-03480-6

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Abstract

BackgroundThe success of malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is threatened by pyrethroid resistance developed by the malaria vectors, worldwide. To combat the resistance, synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) incorporated LLINs is one of the available options. In the current phase II hut trial, the efficacy of Veeralin®LN (an alpha-cypermethrin and PBO-incorporated net) was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies, a pyrethroid resistant malaria vector.MethodsThe performance of Veeralin®LN was compared with MAGNet®LN and untreated net in reducing the entry, induced exit, mortality and blood feeding inhibition of target vector species.ResultsThe performance of Veeralin was equal to MAGNet in terms of reducing hut entry, inhibiting blood feeding and inducing exophily, and with regard to causing mortality Veeralin was better than MAGNet. When compared to untreated net, a significant reduction in hut entry and blood feeding and an increase in exophily and mortality were observed with Veeralin. In cone bioassays, unwashed Veeralin caused > 80% mortality of An. culicifacies.ConclusionsVeeralin performed equal to (entry, exit, feeding) or better than (mortality in huts and cone bioassays) MAGNet and could be an effective tool against pyrethroid resistant malaria vectors.

Highlights

The success of malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is threatened by pyrethroid resistance developed by the malaria vectors, worldwide
Controlling the malaria vectors with indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticides and/or long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is the major approach used for preventing malaria transmission [1]
As there is a need to look for new products that are efficient against pyrethroid-resistance malaria vectors, piperonyl butoxide (PBO)-incorporated pyrethroid nets have been approved with an interim recommendation [9, 14] pre-qualified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a new class of vector control products [15]

Summary

Introduction

The success of malaria control using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is threatened by pyrethroid resistance developed by the malaria vectors, worldwide. In the current phase II hut trial, the efficacy of Veeralin®LN (an alpha-cypermethrin and PBO-incorporated net) was evaluated against Anopheles culicifacies, a pyrethroid resistant malaria vector. For controlling pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes, the only available alternative is piperonyl butoxide (PBO) incorporated LLINs which are having increased efficacy against pyrethroid-resistant malaria vectors [9, 12]. This is an insecticide resistance management approach and a potential means to fight against insecticide resistance [1]. The efficacy of Veeralin was evaluated in experimental huts that simulate domestic habitations, against a free flying wild population of An. culicifacies in terms of preventing hut entry, inducing exit, inhibiting blood-feeding and causing mortality in a tribal district of Odisha State, India

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