Efficacy Evaluation of Comprehensive Preformed Physical Factors Application against Retinal Complications in the Early Postoperative Period after Cataract Surgery on Eyes with High Myopia

Abstract

Currently, modern high-tech methods of cataract surgery do not always guarantee high visual acuity after surgery, and are not always insured against the development of early postoperative complications in the eyes with concomitant ocular pathology. Aim. Development and analysis of the preformed physical factors comprehensive application efficacy against retinal complications in the early postoperative period after cataract surgery in patients with high myopia. Material and methods. The study involved 75 patients (75 eyes) with high myopia, aged 58 to 79 years with developing macular edema on the second day after cataract surgery. Patients from the first group (25 people) received standard medical treatment, the second group (25 people) additionally received low-frequency magnetotherapy course, and the third group received extended standard treatment with combined application of low-frequency magnetotherapy and endonasal electrophoresis with pentoxifylline. Assessment of treatment efficacy was performed according to visual acuity data and morphometric parameters of the central retinal zone using optical coherence tomography. The results of Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft, USA) program was used for statistical analysis. Results and discussion. Immediate results of treatment and long-term results up to one month in all groups were objectively confirmed by the morphometric parameters of the central retinal zone. Macular edema reduction in height and area of distribution was significantly different in the third group compared with the first and second groups immediately after treatment and with the continuation of positive dynamics after a month. In the third group, high clinical results were objectively confirmed by the restoration of normal parameters of the central retinal zone after one month of observation. In the first and second groups, lower treatment results were confirmed by the preservation of morphometric signs of edema in the macular region, that required the continuation in the patients’ rehabilitation. Conclusion. Combination of complex application of preformed physical factors with standard medical therapy of exudative processes in the macula after cataract surgery reliably increases functional (visual) result of treatment and reduces rehabilitation period in the majority of patients with high-grade myopia. Thus, the expediency of physiotherapeutic support in relief of retinal edema in the early postoperative period of cataract surgery on eyes with high degree myopia has been substantiated.