Efficacy and tolerability of high oral doses of Levetiracetam in children with epilepsy

Abstract

Despite the advent of new antiepileptic drugs, many children continue to have refractory seizures. We sought to determine whether oral LEV is helpful in seizure control and tolerable at doses higher than 60mg/kg/day in the pediatric outpatient population. A retrospective chart review over a 1.5-year period was performed at the Columbia Comprehensive Epilepsy Center to identify children who were treated with levetiracetam doses titrated above the usual 40-60mg/kg/day. Data was collected on seizure semiology, epilepsy type, seizure frequency, concomitant antiepileptic drugs, and adverse effects. Thirty-two children, ranging in age from 1 to 19 years, required high dose levetiracetam. The median dosage of levetiracetam was 146mg/kg/day (range, 70-275mg/kg/day), and the median maximum serum trough level was 43mcg/ml (range, 20-121mcg/ml). All but one patient were taking one or more other antiepileptic drugs. A more than 50% reduction in seizure frequency was observed in 14 children (44%), with 5 achieving seizure freedom (16%). No response to high dose levetiracetam was found in 14 children (44%), and worsening of seizure frequency occurred in 4 (12%). Adverse effects were observed in 4 patients (12%), and were behavioral. Not only do some children tolerate high doses and serum levels of levetiracetam, but they may also benefit from them, suggesting that doses higher than 60mg/kg/day may be considered in children who partially respond to the lower doses.