Efficacy and tolerability of conversion to monotherapy with lamotrigine compared with valproate and carbamazepine in patients with epilepsy*1

Abstract

Objective. This randomized, open-label study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine monotherapy with those of valproate and carbamazepine monotherapy in patients with epilepsy whose seizures were uncontrolled on their prestudy antiepileptic drug monotherapy. Methods. Patients meeting eligibility criteria were randomized 2:1 to lamotrigine:carbamazepine or lamotrigine:valproate. The treatment phase was divided into a 4-week dose-escalation phase (Weeks 1–4), during which lamotrigine, carbamazepine, or valproate was added to patient's prestudy monotherapy; an 8-week add-on phase (Weeks 5–12), during which patients were stabilized on both the study medication and their prestudy antiepileptic therapy; an 8-week withdrawal phase (Weeks 13–20), during which prestudy antiepileptic therapy could be withdrawn if clinically appropriate; and an 8-week monotherapy phase (Weeks 21–28), during which patients could be treated with study medication as monotherapy. Results. The numbers of patients randomized to the carbamazepine and valproate arms of the study were 144 (98 lamotrigine, 46 carbamazepine) and 158 (105 lamotrigine, 53 valproate), respectively. Successful monotherapy sustained for at least 7 weeks was achieved in comparable percentages of patients in the lamotrigine group (56%) and the carbamazepine group (54%) and in more patients in the lamotrigine group (49%) than the valproate group (40%). Among monotherapy completers, the percentage of patients with zero seizures during the monotherapy phase was comparable for lamotrigine (41%) and carbamazepine (30%) and significantly higher (P<0.05) with lamotrigine (32%) than with valproate (11%). No differences between treatments were observed with respect to time to treatment failure or time to first seizure. Lamotrigine was also better tolerated than carbamazepine or valproate. Conclusion. Lamotrigine monotherapy was as effective as and better tolerated than carbamazepine or valproate monotherapy in patients whose seizures were uncontrolled on their prestudy antiepileptic drug monotherapy.