Efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma in patients aged 55 years or older: a retrospective study

Abstract

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in patients aged 55 years or older. Methods This retrospective study included 95 patients aged 55 years or older who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for PTMCs between June 2014 and January 2019. Incidence and duration of postoperative complications were recorded and evaluated. Tumor volume and volume reduction rate (VRR) changes were calculated. Patients were also closely monitored for tumor recurrence, regrowth, and lymph node metastasis. Results All nodules were completely ablated. The mean initial volume of the ablated thyroid nodules was 107.27 ± 99.10 mm3, and the volume decreased significantly during the follow-up time. The VRR in 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 36th month were −591.64 ± 623.65%, −170.89 ± 319.51%, 9.74 ± 128.43%, 77.99 ± 45.26%, 99.35 ± 3.61%, 99.45 ± 3.05% and 99.78 ± 1.54%, respectively. No patient had any life-threatening complications. One patient had lymph node metastasis and one had a recurrence; both underwent a second radiofrequency ablation treatment and achieved satisfactory treatment results. Conclusions Our study suggests that radiofrequency ablation is a safe and effective option for low-risk PTMC in patients aged 55 years or older who are at a high risk of general anesthesia and postoperative complications or those who refuse surgery.