Abstract
Background: Sacubitril/valsartan is a first-in-class angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitor used to treat heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The evidence base for this novel medication is largely based on one pivotal phase III trial which was stopped early due to significant clinical benefits being shown. However potential limitations in the trial design have been highlighted in recent medical literature, necessitating a thorough review of the evidence base for sacubitril/valsartan. Methods: This review will be conducted using the PRISMA reporting guidelines. Relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for sacubitril/valsartan will be systematically searched for in Medline (PubMed), Embase, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Toxline and Scopus. Clinical trials registries will be searched, as will eight grey literature databases. In addition, unpublished clinical study reports (CSRs) of relevant trials will be requested from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Clinical Study Data Request database. Studies will be included if they involve randomising adult patients with heart failure to either sacubitril/valsartan or usual care with either an active comparator or placebo as a control. All relevant clinical and safety outcomes will be reviewed, particularly hospitalisation due to heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Two reviewers will assess eligibility of selected trials for inclusion. Data extraction will be performed separately for trial publications, clinical trial registries and for CSRs using a piloted form. Methodological quality of included trials from published sources will be assessed separately using the recently updated Cochrane Risk of Bias tool version 2. Narrative synthesis of included studies will be conducted and, if appropriate, meta-analysis for clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. Discussion: This review will collate all available RCT data on sacubitril/valsartan including published and unpublished sources in order to obtain a more complete picture of the evidence base for sacubitril/valsartan. Registration: This protocol has been submitted for registration on PROSPERO.
Highlights
Rationale Heart failure is a common chronic disease with an estimated prevalence of 1–2% in developed countries making it more common than most cancers, with the majority affected being over the age of 701,2
Sacubitril/valsartan, is a first in class angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitor used in the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)[3,4]
It is a recent addition to the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines for the management of heart failure, in those with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV HFrEF2,9. It was approved by the National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics (NCPE) for reimbursement on the Irish state drug schemes in 2016 for an estimated potential 18,500 patients with HFrEF10
Summary
Li Wei , University College London School of Pharmacy, London, UK. Any reports and responses or comments on the article can be found at the end of the article. Sacubitril/valsartan including published and unpublished sources in order to obtain a more complete picture of the evidence base for sacubitril/valsartan. Registration: This protocol has been submitted for registration on PROSPERO. Keywords Systematic Review, Clinical Study Reports, Sacubitril/valsartan, Heart Failure
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