Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health issue. In recent years, the effectiveness of finerenone for treatment of CKD has been the subject of considerable debate. The main objective of the current meta-analysis was to validate the clinical efficacy and safety of finerenone in patients with CKD. Methods: Seven databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing finerenone with placebo in patients with CKD. Data from eligible studies were extracted, and the Cochrane risk of bias tool utilized for evaluating the methodological quality of RCTs. The effect size was estimated using the risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Five trials (n = 13,078) were included. Compared to placebo groups, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) mean from the baseline was significantly lower [MD −0.30 (95% CI −0.32, −0.28), p < 0.00001], while a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline was significantly higher [MD −2.44 (95% CI −2.82, −2.05), p < 0.00001] for the finerenone groups. Furthermore, the proportion of patients with decreased eGFR (≥40%) post-baseline was significantly lower [RR 0.85 (95% CI 0.78, 0.93), p = 0.0002], along with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) [RR 0.80 (95% CI 0.65, 0.99), p = 0.04] and cardiovascular events (CVs) [RR 0.88 (95% CI 0.80, 0.95), p < 0.003] in the finerenone groups. In terms of safety, the increase in the serum potassium concentration and incidence of hyperkalemia was significantly higher for the finerenone groups [MD 0.17 (95% CI 0.10, 0.24), p < 0.00001; RR 2.03 (95% CI 1.83, 2.26), p < 0.00001, respectively], but the incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar to placebo [RR 1.00 (95% CI 0.98–1.01), p = 0.67]. In all cases, the results were rated as providing moderate-quality or high-quality evidence. Conclusion: Data from our meta-analysis suggest that finerenone confers significant renal and cardiovascular benefits in patients with CKD. While higher risk of hyperkalemia was observed with finerenone than placebo, differences in AEs were not significant. Finerenone may therefore present a novel promising therapeutic agent for patients with CKD. Systematic Review Registration: [https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-9-0020/], identifier [INPLASY202190020].
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health issue posing a heavy burden on society, with a reported estimated prevalence of 9.1% (GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration, 2020)
The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) mean from the baseline was significantly lower [mean difference (MD) −0.30, p < 0.00001], while a decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate from baseline was significantly higher [MD −2.44, p < 0.00001] for the finerenone groups
The proportion of patients with decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (≥40%) post-baseline was significantly lower [risk ratio (RR) 0.85, p = 0.0002], along with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) [RR 0.80, p = 0.04] and cardiovascular events (CVs) [RR 0.88, p < 0.003] in the finerenone groups
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health issue posing a heavy burden on society, with a reported estimated prevalence of 9.1% (GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration, 2020). Multiple factors are involved in the pathophysiological development of CKD, including aldosterone, a steroid hormone and downstream target of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) (Barrera-Chimal et al, 2019; Ingelfinger and Rosen, 2020). Considerable evidence supports a pathophysiological role of aldosterone via MR overactivation in CKD and cardiorenal diseases through induction of inflammation and fibrosis that leads to progressive kidney and cardiovascular dysfunction (Bakris et al, 2021; Epstein, 2021). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and morbidity in people with chronic kidney disease (Epstein, 2015). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health issue.
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