Efficacy and Safety of Drugs Available for the Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis

Abstract

Nocturnal enuresis is a symptom which causes distress in children and concern in parents. In order to prevent secondary emotional problems, enuresis deserves intervention. Treatment options can address several mechanisms. Urine production can be decreased by use of desmopressin treatment or fluid restrictions. Functional bladder size can be increased using imipramine treatment or bladder stretching exercises. While desmopressin and imipramine may have similar efficacy, desmopressin is a superior drug in terms of safety. Dryness also can be achieved by learning to wake at night using self-awakening programmes or enuresis alarms. Enuresis alarms continue to have the highest efficacy and the lowest relapse rate. Combined programmes using alarms and medication together can bring successful outcomes to most children.