Abstract
Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is centered on electrical isolation of pulmonary veins (PVs) through circumferential lesions around PV ostia. Focal point-by-point radiofrequency (RF) ablation has shown considerable success in treating paroxysmal AF.1,2 However, major complications include cardiac perforation with pericardial tamponade, injury to adjacent structures (esophagus, phrenic nerve, and aorta), and pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS).1–5 Furthermore, the procedure is complex, time consuming, and highly dependent on operator competency given the difficulties associated with creating contiguous curvilinear lesions with focal ablation.
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