Efficacy and safety of carbohydrate restriction in patients with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Abstract

All authors declare that they have no relevant or material financial interests that relate to the research described in this article. The peer review history for this article is available at https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1111/dom.15124. The data that support the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Supplement 1. Detailed methods. Table S1 Search strategy. Table S2. Risk of bias. Table S3. Efficacy and safety of carbohydrate diets in patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Figure S1. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flow chart for the identification inclusion and exclusion of studies. Figure S2. Meta-analysis results for time below range <70 mg/dl (24-h percentage). Overall effect and subgroup effects based on type of diet. Figure S3. Meta-analysis results for time spent above range >180 mg/dl (24-h percentage). Overall effect based on type of diet. Figure S4. Meta-analysis results for glycaemic variability (%). Overall effect and subgroup effects based on type of diet. Figure S5. Meta-analysis results for change in HbA1c (%) at study endpoint. Overall effect and subgroup effects based on type of diet. Figure S6. Meta-analysis results for change in weight (kg) at study endpoint. Overall effect and subgroup effects based on type of diet. Figure S7. Meta-analysis results for fasting glucose (mg/dl). Overall effect based on type of diet. Figure S8. Meta-analysis results for total insulin dose (units/day) at study endpoint. Overall effect and subgroup effects based on study design. Figure S9. Meta-analysis results for basal insulin dose (units/day) at study endpoint. Overall effect and subgroup effects based on type of diet. Figure S10. Meta-analysis results for bolus insulin dose (units/day) at study endpoint. Overall effect and subgroup effects based on type of diet. Figure S11. Meta-analysis results for HbA1c (%) at study endpoint. Sensitivity analysis excluding one trial with high risk of bias. Figure S12. Meta-analysis results for TIR (24-h percentage). Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Figure S13. Meta-analysis results for time below range <70 mg/dl (24-h percentage). Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Figure S14. Meta-analysis results for glycaemic variability (%). Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Figure S15. Meta-analysis results for HbA1c (%) at study endpoint. Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Figure S16. Meta-analysis results for change in weight (kg). Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Figure S17. Meta-analysis results for total insulin dose (units/day). Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Figure S18. Meta-analysis results for basal insulin dose (units/day). Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Figure S19. Meta-analysis results for bolus insulin dose (units/day). Sensitivity analysis excluding two trials with confusing definition of control diet. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.