Efficacy and Safety Assessment of T. Angelica Herbal Tonic, a Phytomedicinal Product Popularly Used in Nigeria

Charles O Esimone,Chukwuemeka S Nworu,Peter A Akah

doi:10.1093/ecam/nep161

Charles O Esimone, Chukwuemeka S Nworu + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/nep161

Copy DOI

Abstract

T. Angelica Herbal Tonic (TAHT) is a herbal product indicated for indigestion and constipation and highly patronized in Nigeria. In this study, the efficacy and safety of the herbal tonic in relation to the label claims were assessed. The effect on peristalsis in mice was evaluated by the charcoal meal model and in vitro using guinea pig ileum. The effects of TAHT on behavior, fertility, birth and organ weights were also determined. Teratogenic potential and reproductive toxicity were studied in pregnant rats. Acute toxicity studies showed that at doses above 5000 mg kg−1, the herbal tonic did not cause lethality and produced no signs of intoxication in mice. The study did not show any gross behavioral changes in mice treated with 1000 mg kg−1 of TAHT as compared with the negative control treatment. TAHT (400 mg kg−1) exhibited a dose-dependent enhancement in the gastrointestinal tract motility in mice when compared with the negative control. At concentrations up to 300 μg mL−1, TAHT did not cause any significant effect on acetylcholine, histamine and nicotine-evoked contractions of guinea pig ileum preparation. It took an average of 31.25 ± 4.52 days for the TAHT-treated animals to litter, which is significantly (P < .05) different from the 55 ± 4.51 days recorded for the control treatment group. TAHT exhibited a modest fertility-promoting effect and showed lack of abortifacient and teratogenic properties in the study. Generally, the results of this study showed some favorable pharmacological effects of TAHT in animals which may authenticate some of the label claims.

Highlights

Herbal medicine has been an important component of healthcare all over the world
50 μg Salbutamol gross behavioral changes in mice treated with 1000 mg kg−1 of T. Angelica Herbal Tonic (TAHT) as compared with the negative control treatment (Table 1)
Addition of TAHT at concentrations up to 300 μg mL−1 did not produce any significant effect on acetylcholine, histamine and nicotine-evoked contractions of guinea pig ileum preparation

Summary

Introduction

Herbal medicine has been an important component of healthcare all over the world. With the advances in medical and biological sciences that resulted in the introduction of promising synthetic orthodox therapies for many conditions, the use of herbal medicine declined in the 20th century. In Africa, a WHO report estimated that up to 80% of the population use TM to help meet their health care needs either alone or in combination with orthodox therapies [3, 4]. The percentage of the population which has used CAM at least once is 48% in Australia, 70% in Canada, 42% in USA, 38% in Belgium and 75% in France. In many parts of the world, expenditure on TM/CAM is significant, and growing rapidly. In Australia, Canada and the UK, annual CAM expenditure is estimated at US$ 80, US$ 2400 and US$ 2300 million, respectively [5, 6]

Methods

Results

Conclusion