Abstract
BackgroundAlthough Eriobotrya japonica leaves have been studied as a raw material for various cosmetic products, little is known about the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract (EJEE).MethodsThis study was conducted to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of EJEE using different in vitro models. In addition, we investigated the potential irritation of EJEE to skin and eye using animal alternative tests.ResultsThe total content of polyphenols, one of the active constituents of EJEE, was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and found to contain 88.68 mg tannic acid equivalent/g. EJEE showed a concentration-dependent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, and a superoxide dismutase-like activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of 0.5% (w/v) EJEE was demonstrated by a reduction in lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in RAW 264.7 cells. EJEE also significantly inhibited melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced B16F1 cells. EJEE did not show any irritation in skin and eye in animal alternative test.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the EJEE possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities, while it did not induce toxicity or irritation in neither skin nor eye. Therefore, EJEE can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for skin improvement.
Highlights
Eriobotrya japonica leaves have been studied as a raw material for various cosmetic products, little is known about the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract (EJEE)
The High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis confirmed the presence of quercetin (71 mg/100 g of dried EJEE), which was previously identified [20] as a major constituent of the EJEE
Estimation of free radical-scavenging activity by 2,2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay To evaluate the anti-oxidant effects of EJEE, the DPPH assay was performed for determination of the free radical scavenging activity
Summary
Eriobotrya japonica leaves have been studied as a raw material for various cosmetic products, little is known about the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-melanogenic activities of Eriobotrya japonica leaf ethanol extract (EJEE). Because of the growing interest in the field of cosmetology, many studies have been conducted with different natural cosmetic agents. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are naturally produced in vivo, and their production is augmented by exposure to sunlight and various. Free radicals and ROS are generated by oxidative stress in skin cells and stimulate melanin synthesis. Previous reports have demonstrated that hyperpigmentation and skin aging are related to the production of nitric oxide (NO) and inflammatory factors [7,8,9]. NO and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were reported (2019) 35:4 to play a role in inflammation and in the formation of skin wrinkles and melanin production [8, 9, 11]. Various studies have been actively carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of several natural compounds
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