Efficacy Analysis of In Situ Synthesis of Nanogold via Copper/Iodonium/Amine/Gold System under a Visible Light.

Jui-Teng Lin,Hsia-Wei Liu,Jacques Lalevee

doi:10.3390/polym13224013

Abstract

This article presents, for the first time, the kinetics and the general features of a photopolymerization system (under visible light), copper-complex/Iodonium/triethylamine/gold-chloride (orA/B/N/G), with initial concentrations of A0, B0, N0 and G0, based on the proposed mechanism of Tar et al. Analytic formulas were developed to explore the new features, including: (i) both free radical photopolymerization (FRP) efficacy and the production of nanogold (NG), which are proportional to the relative concentration ratios of (A0 + B0 + N0)/G0 and may be optimized for maximum efficacy; (ii) the two competing procedures of NG production and the efficacy of FRP, which can be tailored for an optimal system with nanogold in the polymer matrix; (iii) the FRP efficacy, which is contributed by three components given by the excited state of copper complex (T), and the radicals (R and S) produced by iodonium and amine, respectively; (iv) NG production, which is contributed by the coupling of T and radical (S) with gold ion; and (v) NG production, which has a transient state proportional to the light intensity and the concentration ratio A0/G0) + (N0/(K’M0), but also a steady-state independent of the light intensity.

Highlights

We will focus on comprehensive analysis for special features and the key factors for efficient producing of NG related to the measured data of Tar et al [22], based on the analytic formulas
Analytic formulas are developed to explore the kinetics of a G1/ Iodonium/ TEA/gold chlorid system
We found that the free radical photopolymerization (FRP) efficacy is governed by the coupling of the excited state of copper complex (T) with the radicals (R and S) produced by iodomium and amine, respectively

Summary

Introduction

Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Light sources from UV (365 nm) to near-infrared (980 nm) have been used for photopolymerization reactions in many industrial and medical applications such as dental curing, microlithography, stereolithography, microelectronics, and holography [1,2]. A variety of photoresponsive materials such as conjugated polymers, organic dyes, and metal complexes have been reported for additive manufacturing (AM) and 4D bioprinting [3,4]

Methods

Results

Conclusion