Abstract
Gold mining has a negative impact on the soil include microorganisms such as Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF). The AMF form associations with plants by improving their development However, the effect of gold mining on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) living in its soils is poorly understood.The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of gold mining on the abundance and diversity of AMF species in the Central region of Togo. The AMF were extracted by wet sieving from 200g of soil samples taken directly from four types of soil, Gold Soil (SA), Washed Gold Soil (SAL), Soil Under Corn Cultivation (SSCM) and the Soil Under Natural Vegetation (SSVN). The diversity of AMF was determined by diversity indices. The results showed that SA, SSCM and SSVN had significantly higher AMF fungal spores densities (p < 0.05) than SAL. AMF species richness was generally lower in SAL (12 species out of a total of 30 species identified). A total of 30 AMF species classified into 16 genera, in 9 families (AcaulosporaceaeAmbisporaceae, Archaeosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Dentiscutataceae, Diversisporaceae, Glomeraceae, Paraglomeraceae) were identified. The most frequent species were Acaulosporascorbiculata, Acaulospora sp., Entrophosporainfrequens, Gigaspora gigantea, Claroideoglomusetunicatum. The most abundant species were Acaulosporascorbiculata, Acaulosporasp., Entrophosporainfrequens, ClaroideoglomusEtunicatum, Glomus clavisporum, and Rhizophagusintraradices. The biological diversity indices (Shannon and Pielou equitability) revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the different types of soils studied. The density of the spores as well as their diversityvary as follows: SAL<SA< SSVN< SSCM. The soils of the study area contain a great natural wealth of AMF species, but this natural wealth is significantly affected by gold panning. The native AMF found in these areas could be used for the ecological restoration of degraded gold panning areas.
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