Abstract
A novel effervescent tablet-assisted switchable hydrophilicity solvent-based on-site dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography detection has been developed to determine five pyrethroid insecticides in environmental water samples. In this method, effervescent tablets contain effervescent precursors and extractants, which play a dual role of dispersion and extraction. After effervescence reaction, the formation of extractant and the extraction of analytes were accomplished simultaneously. Phase separation were carried by filtration using homemade filter column, which of filter is oil-absorbing cotton polypropylene. After phase separation, the extractant phase were obtained by elution. No electric instrument was required in sample pre-treatment step in the developed method. Experimental conditions affecting the extraction efficiencies have been optimized, such as type and amount of extractant, type of effervescent tablets, etc. Under the optimized conditions, the linearity was 5-500μg L-1, with coefficients greater than 0.9990. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were in the range of 0.22-1.88μg L-1 and 0.75-6.25μg L-1. The relative standard deviations ranged from 0.8% to 6.1%. The enrichment factors were in the range of 65-108. This method was successfully applied to the on-site processing of tap, reservoir and river water.
Highlights
Forests, as an important resource of a country, play an important role in preventing soil erosion and improving the ecological environment which bring good ecological and social benefits [1]
Forests have been constantly infested with pests and plant diseases, and a large number of pesticides have been used to control the occurrence of pests and plant diseases
A large number of pesticides are sprayed on the forest land, and some pesticide residues will be infiltrated into the ground and flowed into the lake through the river, which will inevitably cause certain pollution to the environment [2]
Summary
As an important resource of a country, play an important role in preventing soil erosion and improving the ecological environment which bring good ecological and social benefits [1]. Forests have been constantly infested with pests and plant diseases, and a large number of pesticides have been used to control the occurrence of pests and plant diseases. A large number of pesticides are sprayed on the forest land, and some pesticide residues will be infiltrated into the ground and flowed into the lake through the river, which will inevitably cause certain pollution to the environment [2]. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used insecticides, a synthetic derivative of pyrethroid derived from chrysanthemum and plant flowers [3]. They are often used to control or eliminate areas such as forestry and agriculture [4]. It is important to determine pyrethroid insecticides in environmental waters
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