Effects on Skeletal Muscle Glutathione Status of Ischemia and Reperfusion Following Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surgery

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH) is an important endogenous scavenger against reactive oxygen species. Elective abdominal surgery without ischemia and reperfusion leads to decreased muscle GSH concentrations 4-72 hr postoperatively without altering GSH redox status. In the present study, we investigated to what extent muscle GSH status was affected during and following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. From patients (n = 10) undergoing abdominal aortic repair, thigh muscle specimens were taken preoperatively, at maximal ischemia, and at 10 min and 4, 24, and 48 hr of reperfusion. Specimens were analyzed for GSH, amino acids, and energy-rich compounds. At maximal ischemia, phosphocreatine decreased by 37% (p < 0.05) and lactate and creatine increased by 274% and 57% (p < 0.001 and 0.05), respectively, indicating ischemia during the clamping of aorta. Adenosine triphosphate, on the other hand, remained unaltered during the entire study period. Total GSH (tGSH) decreased by 46% at 24 hr and by 43% at 48 hr of reperfusion (p < 0.001), while reduced GSH decreased by 48% at 24 hr and by 44% at 48 hr (p < 0.001). The redox status (GSH/tGSH) of GSH and oxidized GSH remained unaltered. Among the constituent amino acids of GSH, glycine and cysteine remained unaltered while glutamine and glutamate decreased by 55% and 55%, respectively (p < 0.001). Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair induces metabolic alterations characteristic for ischemia. The antioxidative capacity in terms of muscle levels of GSH was decreased. However, the oxidative stress during reperfusion did not change GSH status more than what has been reported following abdominal surgery without ischemia and reperfusion. The results indicate that the oxidative stress elicited by elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is outbalanced by a compensated GSH metabolism not giving rise to an increased amount of oxidized GSH or an altered GSH redox status.