Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the administration of zoledronic acid (ZA) during orthodontic movement in rats. A hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were applied force of 30 cN with spring closed nickel-titanium to move the upper right first molar to mesial. In the Control Movement group (CM), only tooth movement was performed; the Control Acid Zoledronic group (CAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) of ZA; the Experimental Acid Zoledronic group (EAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) one week prior to the start of tooth movement; and the Control Without movement group (CWM) that received no drug and without application of tooth movement. The animals were euthanized after 3, 7 and 14 days. Tooth movement was measured using a caliper, the number of osteoclasts using TRAP staining, the expression of mature and immature collagen using picrosirius staining, and the presence of hyaline areas and root resorption using HE. The data were compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell and chi-squared test, at the 5% significance level. It was observed a smaller number of osteoclasts and greater percentage of hyaline area in the EAZ group. There was no difference among the groups regarding bone remodeling, root resorption and tooth movement for all observed times.
Highlights
Bisphosphonates are the first-line therapy for treating patients with osteoporosis, and in preventing and treating skeletal complications in patients with cancer
The rats were divided into four groups as follows: The control movement (CM) group consisted of 30 animals that received no drug and only tooth movement was performed using a force of 30 cN.[9]
The experimental zoledronic acid (EZA) group consisted of 30 animals that received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) of intraperitoneal zoledronic acid [1,10] one week prior to the start of tooth movement using an orthodontic force of 30 cN [9,11] A dose of 0.1 mg/kg is commonly used in rodents to approximate a once yearly dose of 5 mg received by humans for the treatment of osteoporosis and has been used in many other studies.[8]
Summary
Bisphosphonates are the first-line therapy for treating patients with osteoporosis, and in preventing and treating skeletal complications in patients with cancer These drugs than can bind to hydroxyapatite crystals in a mineralized bone matrix and make the bone more resistant to osteoclasts; they inhibit osteoclasts function and induce apoptosis in these cells, inhibiting bone remodeling.[1,2,3] The effect of bisphosphonates on osteoclast activity is the result of their potency as inhibitors of the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, a key branch point enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Zoledronic acid is a potent and innovative thirdgeneration nitrogen-containing biphosphonate that is administered intravenously with rapid absorption and concentration in the maxillary and mandibular structures It is considered the most potent bone resorption inhibitor among the currently available biphosphonates. These drugs act directly or indirectly on osteoblasts and osteoclasts resulting in decreased bone turnover, and exert inhibitory effects on inflammatory mediators affecting the healing process of bone lesions.[6]
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