Effects of ZnO, CuO and γ-Fe3O4 nanoparticles on mature embryo culture of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

In this study, the effects of ZnO, CuO, and γ-Fe3O4 nanoparticles on two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, namely, Kirik and ES-26, were investigated as micro elements in mature embryo culture. In this direction, nanoparticle constructions were tested with both the normal amount (1 ×) and the two (2 ×) and three (3 ×) quantities available in the Murashige and Skoog media. The study was supported by negative and positive controls. Obtained findings suggest that wheat embryos left to develop in applications containing nanoparticles do not actively utilize nanoparticle structures. As a result, the development of nanoparticle-containing applications was less than control. It has been determined that media containing 3 × CuO nanoparticles and media containing 3× ZnO nanoparticles are more successful than controls in terms of callus formation rate among all applications. The most successful group in terms of plant-building ability has been the control group. Plant regeneration did not increase with nanoparticle application compared to control. However, it is thought that this situation is mainly related to the utilization process of the plant by the nanoparticles. However, since the properties of nano-sized elements are variable, it is considered that the obtained data may be related to toxicity. This study is a first in the test of NP structures obtained by green synthesis in mature embryo culture. It is thought that this study contributes to the literature in determining the effects nanoparticle’s have on tissue culture development stages of embryos.