Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Neural Tube Development in Early Chicken Embryos.

Abstract

In recent years, Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been widely used as a mineral filter in cosmetics. Therefore, the possible exposure of pregnant women to ZnO-NPs is gradually increasing. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of ZnO-NPs on neural tube development in early chicken embryos. Fifty pathogen-free fertilized eggs were initially incubated for thirty hours. The eggs were divided into 5 groups. In the control group (C) the egg's apex was opened and closed without any administration. In the distilled water group (DW), 10 microliters of distilled water were injected into the sub-blastodermic area. ZnO-NP suspensions were prepared in distilled water and injected sub-blastodermically into the low, medium and high dose ZnO-NP groups (10 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, and 50 mg/kg, respectively). Incubation was completed in 72 hours, and embryological and neural tube development was evaluated histologically with a light microscope. Embryos in all groups were evaluated according to the Hamburger-Hamilton (HH) staging. It was observed that the staging progressed by the developmental process between 68-72 hours, which is equivalent to the 19-20th stage of HH. Differentiated otic vesicle, optic cup, lens vesicle, pharynx, and Rathke\'s pouch were all observed in embryo sections. Both forebrain and hindbrain vesicles were easily distinguished in the sections by cranial flexion. Neural tube closure defect was not detected in any of the groups. In our observations, ZnO-NPs did not affect neural tube development at the applied dose ranges. We believe that additional studies with higher doses using a higher number of subjects will help clarify the conflicting data in the literature.