Effects of Zentangle on Older Adults’ Anxiety, Happiness, and Dexterity

Abstract

ABSTRACT During the COVID-19 pandemics, supporting older adults living in nursing homes to engage in meaningful experiences was challenged. This study aimed to investigate the changes in anxiety, happiness, manual dexterity, and enjoyment for adults aged 72–100 after an eight-week Zentangle mindfulness-based art therapy course. The course was conducted in a regional Australian nursing home during COVID-19 visitation restrictions. Twenty participants assigned to either an experimental or control group completed the study. Experimental participants attended Zentangle sessions which incorporated instructor-led drawing and mindfulness techniques. A randomized block design was used with quantitative pre and post-assessments of anxiety, happiness, and fine motor skills, as well as demographic cognitive screening at enrollment. Attrition and session data were collected to monitor participants’ engagement and enjoyment of the course and any disruptions. Experimental participants showed significant reduction in anxiety (−7%) and increase in happiness (+26%), with 71% percent reporting they would continue attending or recommend it. A potential protective effect in manual dexterity was observed. Participants experiencing mild to moderate cognitive changes reported the most enjoyment of the course. Results suggest that Zentangle could be offered as pleasurable activity and a non-pharmacological addition to anxiety treatment.