Abstract
Wood ash produced through cellulose manufacturing has agricultural uses due to its neutralizing power, like that of commercial products, in addition to providing key soil nutrients such as Ca, Mg, K, and P. However, this industrial waste can possess heavy metal(oid)s that bioaccumulate in the food chain. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of wood ash (WA) on the physicochemical properties of an Ultisol, the mobility of heavy metal(oid)s (As, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni) in the soil-plant-water system, and the nutritional response (N, P, and K) of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). The experiment was conducted in pots, under greenhouse conditions, using a completely randomized design. Ryegrass was grown in pots containing mixtures of WA plus soil at 7.5, 15, 30, and 75 g kg−1, commercial lime plus soil at 1.5 g kg−1, and unamended soil as a control. Heavy metal(oid)s were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All WA doses favored an increase in pH and the availability of P, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cu, and Zn in soil and N, P, and K absorption in ryegrass. WA favored the availability and later absorption of heavy metal(oid)s by ryegrass (staying mainly in the roots). Heavy metal(oid)s mobility in the soil-plant-water system was as follows: Cr > Pb > Ni > As.
Highlights
The recovery of industrial wastes has increased worldwide due to their fertilizing properties, which are valuable to the agricultural industry, such as organic material content and elements crucial for plant nutrition [1]
Countries such as Finland, Portugal, Brazil, Canada, and Chile have led research to characterize and determine the potential agroforestry applications of alkaline wastes produced through cellulose manufacturing, with a focus on the possible replacement of commercial alternatives, such as lime [2]
This study evaluated the effects of wood ash on the physicochemical properties of an Ultisol under greenhouse conditions, assessing the yield and nutritional response of ryegrass, as well as the mobility of heavy metal(oid)s in the soil-plant-water system
Summary
The recovery of industrial wastes has increased worldwide due to their fertilizing properties, which are valuable to the agricultural industry, such as organic material content and elements crucial for plant nutrition [1] This alternative contributes to environmental well-being by decreasing the amount of waste sent to landfills, which are high-cost and hotspots for environmental contamination. Among the possibly harmful components within ash are heavy metal(oid)s without any known biological function, including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and arsenic (As). Trace elements, such as nickel (Ni), can be present, and, while these elements fulfill a
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