Effects of Wine and Tyrosol on the Lipid Metabolic Profile of Subjects at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Cardioprotective Role of Ceramides.

Jose Rodríguez-Morató,Anna Boronat,Rafael De La Torre,Montserrat Fitó,Gabriele Serreli,Laura Enríquez,Oscar J Pozo,Alex Gomez-Gomez

doi:10.3390/antiox10111679

Abstract

Ceramides are a class of sphingolipids which have recently been shown to be better cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk predictors than traditional CVD risk biomarkers. Tyrosol (TYR) is a dietary phenolic compound known to possess cardioprotective effects per se or through its in vivo active metabolite hydroxytyrosol. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the co-administration of white wine (WW) and TYR on circulating levels of ceramides and other lipids in humans at high CVD risk. Volunteers underwent a randomized controlled crossover clinical trial (4-week duration per intervention) with three different interventions: control, WW, and WW enriched with a capsule of TYR (WW + TYR). Endothelial function cardiovascular biomarkers and plasma lipidomic profile were assessed before and after each intervention. It was found that the WW + TYR intervention resulted in lower levels of three ceramide ratios, associated with an improvement of endothelial function (Cer C16:0/Cer C24:0, Cer C18:0/Cer C24:0, and Cer C24:1/Cer C24:0), when compared to the control intervention. Moreover, WW + TYR was able to minimize the alterations in plasma diacylglycerols concentrations observed following WW. Overall, the results obtained show that the antioxidant TYR administered with WW exerts beneficial effects at the cardiovascular level, in part by modulating blood lipid profile.

Highlights

IntroductionCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally
We evaluated the effect of dietary doses of white wine (WW) vs. the same matrix combined matrix poor in phenolic compounds; WW intervention) vs. the same matrix combined with the dietary antioxidant TYR (WW + TYR intervention) on plasma lipid species with a with the dietary antioxidant TYR (WW + TYR intervention) on plasma lipid species with special focus on changes in circulating ceramides, considered a novel CV biomarker [19]
We show for the first time that TYR, administered with WW, is effective in modifying the lipidomic profile

Summary

Introduction

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. According to the WHO, they take around 17.9 million lives each year, representing 32% of all global deaths [1]. Classic CVD risk factors (i.e., hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and smoking) play a central role in the prevention of CVD. Classic CVD risk factors have limitations, as they fail to identify all patients at risk [2].

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