Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Tibia Strength and Structure of Competitive Adolescent Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

BackgroundSwimming has no effect on bone mass or structure. Therefore, adolescent swimmers present similar bone strength values when compared to normo-active controls, and lower values when compared to weight-bearing athletes. It thus seems necessary to try to improve bone structure and strength of adolescent swimmers through a weight-bearing intervention in order to reduce the risk of suffering osteoporosis later in life. ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a 6-month whole body vibration (WBV) intervention on bone strength and structure of adolescent swimmers. DesignRandomized controlled trial. SettingResearch center. ParticipantsA total of 51 swimmers (14.4 ± 2.0 years) participated in the study. MethodsSwimmers were randomly allocated into 2 groups: 20 swimmers (9 females) who only performed their swimming training, and 31 swimmers (15 females) who performed their swimming training and received a WBV intervention (3.6-11.6 g) 3 times per week during 6 months (VIB). Outcome measurementsPeripheral quantitative computed tomography was performed in the nondominant tibia of all swimmers at 4%, 38%, and 66% of the tibia length before and after the intervention. ResultsNo differences between groups in any bone structure variable were found at pre- or postintervention. Both groups presented similar improvements in time, and no group by time interactions were found, suggesting that the WBV intervention was not intense enough to achieve positive changes in bone strength or structure. ConclusionWBV, at the chosen intensities and durations, had no effect on adolescent swimmers’ bone strength or structure. Future studies should test other weight-bearing interventions aiming to improve bone strength and structure of adolescent swimmers. Level of EvidenceII