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Abstract
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and other types of muscular dysfunction. A novel whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WB-NMES) wearable device may be beneficial when combined with voluntary exercises. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effects of the WB-NMES on hemodynamics, arrhythmia, and sublingual microcirculation. The study included 19 healthy Japanese volunteers, aged 22–33 years, who were not using any medication. Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and blood sampling were conducted before a 20-min WB-NMES session and at 0 and 10 min after termination of WB-NMES. Their tolerable maximum intensity was recorded using numeric rating scale. Arrhythmia was not detected during neuromuscular electrical stimulation or during 10 min of recovery. Blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, and diastolic function remained unchanged; however, mild mitral regurgitation was transiently observed during WB-NMES in a single male participant. A decrease in blood glucose and an increase in blood lactate levels were observed, but no changes in blood fluidity, sublingual microcirculation, blood levels of noradrenaline, or oxidative stress were shown. WB-NMES is safe and effective for decreasing blood glucose and increasing blood lactate levels without changing the blood fluidity or microcirculation in healthy people.
Highlights
Exercise therapy is an inexpensive, safe, and extremely effective primary and secondary intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases.Megumi Hoshiai and Kaori Ochiai are joint first authors with equal contributions to this work.Reduced exercise capacity after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction patients may lead to worse clinical outcomes [1]
Even in patients diagnosed with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure, for whom exercise therapy is contraindicated, electrical stimulation can be safely used without affecting blood pressure or heart rate while increasing maximum muscle strength [5]
This study aimed to examine the safety of a novel WBNMES wearable device as a modified phase 1 study and its effect on circulatory dynamics, arrythmia, sublingual microcirculation, blood glucose and lactate levels, and oxidative stress
Summary
Exercise therapy is an inexpensive, safe, and extremely effective primary and secondary intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases.Megumi Hoshiai and Kaori Ochiai are joint first authors with equal contributions to this work.Reduced exercise capacity after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction patients may lead to worse clinical outcomes [1]. Exercise therapy is an inexpensive, safe, and extremely effective primary and secondary intervention for the prevention of cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases. A major issue for rehabilitation in people with restricted movement is how to suppress skeletal muscle atrophy and the decreases in motor function [2, 3]. Electrical muscle stimulation to encourage skeletal muscle contraction has been a known treatment for disuse-induced muscle atrophy. Even in patients diagnosed with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class IV heart failure, for whom exercise therapy is contraindicated, electrical stimulation can be safely used without affecting blood pressure or heart rate while increasing maximum muscle strength [5]. Endocrine organs such as the thyroid and genitalia, sensory organs such as the eyes, and people with pacemakers are contraindicated for electrical muscle stimulation [5]
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