Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term weight gain from the age of 20 on incidence of hyper-low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in the general population of Japanese people. Methods: We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using annual health checkup data for residents of Iki City, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. A total of 3179 adult (≥30 years old) men and women without hyper-LDL cholesterolemia at baseline, who underwent two or more health checkups were included in the analysis. Information on weight gain (≥10 kg) after 20 years of age was obtained using questionnaire. The outcome of this study was development of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia defined as LDL-cholesterol level ≥3.62 mmol/L and/or initiation of lipid-lowering medications. Results: During a mean follow-up period of 4.53 years, 665 of the 3179 participants developed hyper-LDL cholesterolemia (46.5/1000 person-years). The incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was higher in participants with a weight gain of ≥10 kg (55.3/1000 person-years) than among those with a weight gain of <10 kg (41.8/1000 person-years). This association remained statistically significant even after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, daily drinking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes (multivariable hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.08–1.58, p = 0.006). Conclusion: A weight gain of ≥10 after 20 years of age affected the development of hyper-LDL cholesterol regardless of age, sex, and obesity in a general population of Japanese.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in Japan as well as worldwide, with 18 million fatalities accounting for 32% of total deaths worldwide [1]
The incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia was higher in participants with a weight gain of ≥10 kg (55.3/1000 person-years) than among those with a weight gain of
* Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, daily drinking, exercise, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes. The results of this large-scale longitudinal study of the general Japanese population showed that a weight gain of ≥10 kg after 20 years of age was significantly associated with the incidence of hyper-LDL cholesterolemia
Summary
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in Japan as well as worldwide, with 18 million fatalities accounting for 32% of total deaths worldwide [1]. The risks of cardiovascular disease are associated with lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, and exercise habits, and metabolic factors such as obesity, serum lipid levels, hypertension, and diabetes [2,3]. Of these, elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels are among the most important [4]. Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the short-term effects of interventions to reduce body weight on LDL cholesterol levels [5]. The effects of long-term weight changes on LDL cholesterol levels are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term weight gain from the age of 20 on incidence of hyper-low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterolemia in the general population of Japanese
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