Abstract
This present review includes a systematic search for peer-reviewed articles published between March 2009 and March 2020 that evaluated the effects of wearable devices with biofeedback on the biomechanics of running. The included articles did not focus on physiological and metabolic metrics. Articles with patients, animals, orthoses, exoskeletons and virtual reality were not included. Following the PRISMA guidelines, 417 articles were first identified, and nineteen were selected following the removal of duplicates and articles which did not meet the inclusion criteria. Most reviewed articles reported a significant reduction in positive peak acceleration, which was found to be related to tibial stress fractures in running. Some previous studies provided biofeedback aiming to increase stride frequencies. They produced some positive effects on running, as they reduced vertical load in knee and ankle joints and vertical displacement of the body and increased knee flexion. Some other parameters, including contact ground time and speed, were fed back by wearable devices for running. Such devices reduced running time and increased swing phase time. This article reviews challenges in this area and suggests future studies can evaluate the long-term effects in running biomechanics produced by wearable devices with biofeedback.
Highlights
Running requires efficient conversion of power output into translocation [1], initiated by a greater joint range of motion [2,3]
The results proposed that, even when the reviewed articles aimed to increase the running performance, their main focus was on the biomechanical variables that may prevent injury instead of the spatiotemporal parameters [62] that may increase running mechanics
The purpose of the current review is to determine if wearable devices with biofeedback increase running performance
Summary
Running requires efficient conversion of power output into translocation [1], initiated by a greater joint range of motion [2,3]. Smaller dorsiflexion and faster plantarflexion are required [1,11,17] to achieve greater horizontal heel velocity and propulsion, knee flexion angle at initial contact (IC) [18,19] and greater maximum hip extension [20]. These biomechanical considerations are important for competitive runners to decrease the completion time for a race distance and reduce the risk of injury [21]. Most runners are able to integrate and accommodate their own unique combination of anthropometric dimensions and mechanical characteristics to find a running motion, which is most economical for them [11]
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