Abstract
The present study was undertaken to clarify the effect and interaction of choline chloride (CC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), the water- and fat-soluble sources of choline, on the performances of kuruma shrimp, Marsupenaeus japonicus juveniles using as response variables such as percent weight gain (%WG), speci¢c growth rate (SGR), survival (SR%), feed e⁄ciency ratio (FER), protein e⁄ciency ratio (PER), proximate composition, fatty acids pro¢le and free choline and PC contents in the whole body of kuruma shrimp. A 40-day feeding trial was conducted as a 2 � 3 factorial experiment with six test diets containing three levels of CC (0.3, 0.6 and 1.2 g kg � 1 ) and two levels of soybean PC (SPC; 2 and 4 g kg � 1 ). Both of the choline sources (CC and SPC) showed a signi¢cant interaction (Po0.05) regarding all the evaluated response variables except for the proximate and fatty acid contents. Interestingly, there was a positive eiect (Po0.05) of CC observed with increasing its level at the low level of SPC and vice versa. However, the magnitudes of the bene¢cial eiect of CC in terms of the evaluated parameters were changed with the diierent dietary levels of SPC. Also, the inclusion of higher levels of SPC (4 g kg � 1 )o r CC (0.6 and 1.2 g kg � 1 ) diminished the eiect of the other source.
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