Abstract
BackgroundSoil-transmitted helminthes (STH) infections are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the most deprived communities. Adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) prevents environmental contamination, thereby preventing transmission of STH. Cognizant of this, WASH education was implemented in rural Dembiya to reduce intestinal parasitic infections. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess the impacts of the intervention on households’ WASH conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections.MethodAn uncontrolled before-and-after intervention study was used. Cross-sectional studies were done before and after the intervention. Two hundred twenty-five and 302 under five children were recruited randomly at the baseline and endline, respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and observational checklists. Direct stool examination and Kato-Katz methods were used to identify parasites in the stool. We used percent point change and prevalence ratio (PR) to see the effects of the intervention on WASH conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections respectively. Pearson chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests were used to test for statistically significant percentage point changes of WASH conditions. The effect of the intervention on intestinal parasitic infections was statistically tested on the basis of PR with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsThe baseline prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 25.8%, and the endline prevalence was 23.8%. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was not significantly decreased at the endline compared with the baseline [PR = 0.92, 95% CI = (0.62, 1.38)]. Ascaris Lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasitic infection both at the baseline and endline. The proportion of children who had good hygienic condition increased from 1.3% at the baseline to 34.4% at the end line (p < 0.05). The percentage of mothers/care givers who washed hands at different pick times was significantly increased from 24.4% at the baseline to 68.2% at the endline (p < 0.001). The proportion of households who practiced home-based water treatment was significantly increased from 7.6% at the baseline to 47% at the endline (p < 0.001). The proportion of households who used sanitary latrine was increased from 32% at the baseline to 49% at the endline (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis before-and-after intervention study found that households’ WASH performance was significantly improved at the endline compared with the baseline. The endline prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was slightly lower than the baseline prevalence; however, the reduction was not statistically significant. The local health office needs to strengthen the WASH education program, mobilize the community to construct WASH facilities, and support the community to sustain households’ WASH performance.
Highlights
Soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) infections are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the most deprived communities
The proportion of children who had good hygienic condition increased from 1.3% at the baseline to 34.4% at the end line (p < 0.05)
Gizaw et al Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine (2019) 24:16 (Continued from previous page). This before-and-after intervention study found that households’ WASH performance was significantly improved at the endline compared with the baseline
Summary
Soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) infections are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the most deprived communities. Sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) prevents environmental contamination, thereby preventing transmission of STH. Soil-transmitted helminthes (STH) infections are among the most common infections worldwide and affect the poorest and most deprived communities. They are transmitted via eggs present in human feces, which contaminate soil in areas where sanitation is poor. The majority of the disease burden associated to STH infections is understood to be in children [8, 9] where infections are acquired through playing with contaminated soil and pica habits [10, 11]. STH infections in children can lead to under nutrition and growth faltering [7, 13,14,15], impair cognitive development [16,17,18,19], and cause anemia [20,21,22,23]
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