Effects of water-based endurance training, resistance training, and combined water and resistance training programs on visfatin and ICAM-1 levels in sedentary obese women

Abstract

Summary Objective This study investigated the effects of different types of physical training on visfatin, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in obese women. Methods Thirty-two postmenopausal women (45–60 years) were randomly assigned to water-based endurance training, resistance training, combined (water and resistance) training, or control group ( n = 8 each). Training groups performed endurance (45 min swimming at 40–60% of maximal heart rate (HR max )), resistance (three sets of 10–12 repetitions at 40–60% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)), or combined (swimming plus resistance) training (22 min resistance training, two sets of 10–12 repetitions at 40–60% of 1RM and 22 min endurance training at 40–60% of HR max ) three days per week for 10 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and 48 h after training. Results Endurance and combined training caused significant ( P P Conclusion Water-based endurance training and combined (endurance plus resistance) training have a more favorable effect on metabolic markers of cardiovascular disease risk, diabetes risk, and serum visfatin in obese women than resistance training alone.