Effects of vitamin D3-fortified low-fat yogurt and milk on serum cytokine levels and anti hsp-27 antibody titer in adults with abdominal obesity: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of nano-encapsulated 25(OH)D fortified (1500 IU Nano-encapsulated 25(OH)D dairy products on anti-heat shock protein 27 antibody (anti-Hsp27) titers, pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB) and cytokines concentration in adults with abdominal obesity. This study was part of SUVINA project and designed as a randomized trial. Middle aged adults (n = 306) recruited among students and staff of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences [Iran]. Subjects were randomly assorted into four groups: a low-fat yogurt fortified with 1500 IU 25(OH)D (n = 76), and unfortified yogurt (n = 77), a low-fat milk fortified with 1500 IU 25(OH)D (n = 76), and unfortified milk (n = 77) were followed up for 10 weeks. A total of 289 subjects completed the study. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were measured before and after the ten weeks of intervention. The following biochemical markers were determined: serum pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), 25(OH) D, anti-Hsp27 titers and cytokines concentration, at baseline and at the end of the study. There was a significant difference between serum 25(OH)D concentration and PAB at baseline and the end of intervention with fortified milk and yogurt. After the intervention period, changes between groups of intervention group of both of the milk and yogurt and control group were statistically significant for serum 25(OH)D concentration (p < 0.001) and PAB (p < 0.05). In the group provide with fortified milk, waist circumference was decreased (−2.01 ± 3.85 cm, p < 0.05) and serum 25(OH)D concentration increased significantly (5.02 ± 4.07 ng/ml, p < 0.001). In the group taking the fortified yogurt, serum 25(OH)D status increased by 6.75 ± 3.42 ng/ml (p < 0.001) and PAB decreased by −21.85 ± 48.07 HK (p < 0.05). Our results did not show any significant differences in mean weight between the groups (p > 0.05). Our results showed that after the intervention with 25(OH)D fortified yogurt or milk in obese subjects, serum PAB concentrations decreased and serum 25(OH)D increased significantly. Therefore, fortification of low-fat yogurt and milk with 25(OH)D may be effective in reducing the pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance with effect thsat are greater than for unfortified dairy products. • The oxidative stress is seen in obese individuals, such as dysregulation in Pro-oxidant-Antioxidant Balance (PAB). • One of the prescibed dietary interventions for fighting against the obesity-induced oxidative stress is the vitamin D supplementation. • Serum PAB concentration was decreased after intervention with vitamin D fortified yogurt in obese subjects.